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resting on permian red marls. Similar sandstones, in the 
same position, are seen near the canal at Bedford ; below 
Messrs. Hampson and Co.’s Printworks, at Clayton Bridge, 
Manchester ; and near Messrs. Brocklehurst’s Lime Works, 
at Ardwick, near Manchester. There is also a soft red sand- 
stone, apparently dipping, under the pebble beds of Heaton 
Mersey, near Stockport, well seen on the banks of the Mersey 
from Stockport to Fogg Brook, which would pass for the 
lower soft sandstone of the trias ; but for some reason with 
which the author is unacquainted, the gentlemen connected 
with the survey prefer (he is informed) to class this sandstone 
underlying the pebble beds with the permian rather than the 
trias. 
It appears that through the western part of Cheshire and 
the adjoining county of Flint, as well as in West Lancashire, 
where there are few, if any, permian strata exposed, the 
Geological Survey has always had a lower soft red and mottled 
sandstone ; but when the east part of Lancashire is reached 
and undoubted permian beds are found, this supposed lowest 
member of the trias disappears. 
The soft yellow and variegated sandstones of Whiston, 
Croxteth Park, and Bain ford, all resting unconform ably on 
coal measures, described by Mr. Hull, are evidently of the 
same age as the Rainford and Grimshaw delpli beds. Un- 
fortunately in no instance have any red marls been yet found 
lying either above or below them. He had described the 
latter as permian, whilst Mr. Hull thinks they are the lower 
red and mottled sandstone of the trias. But with respect to 
the Ivnowsley quarry, it so much resembles the St. Bees and 
Llowcote upper permian sandstones, that if they were found 
in Furness, Sir B. J. Murchison and Professor Harkness 
would, without doubt, claim them as permian. 
It is many years since the author first saw the Knowsley 
quarry, and he then in his note book remarked that those 
sandstones, especially that belonging to Mr. Lit tier, could 
