[1922] 
V. Echinoderma. 
Echin. 11 
ETHOLOGY. 
General accounts. — Piiilippsen, 153. 
Special habits. — Ehrenberg, 57 ; Elm- 
hirst, 59; KliNgelhofer, 106; Ven, 
178. 
Habitat. — Trewavas, 173. 
Feeding. — Elmhirst, 59 ; Lebour, 
122. 
Defence and Protection. — Crozier, 41. 
Locomotion. — Ehrenberg, 56, 57 ; 
Kjerschow-Agersborg, 105 ; Parker, 
150 & 151. 
Autotomy and Regeneration. — Deich- 
mann, 48; Kjerschow-Agersborg, 
105 ; Mortensen, 135 ; ZiRpolo, 186. 
Parasites and commensals. — Mercier, 
131 ; Yakowlev, 185. 
Phenology. — Elmhirst, 59. 
Hybridization. — Newman, 140. 
Parthenogenesis. — Newman, 140. 
Variation in colour. — Clark, 37. 
VARIATION AND .ETIOLOGY. 
Variation in Colour. — Crozier, 41. 
Variation, teratological. — Macbride in 
Ohsiiima, 146; Ohsiiima, 145; Pel- 
SENEER, 152. 
Evolution. — Bather, 7, 9; Ehren- 
berg, 53; Ohshima, 146. 
Phylogeny. — Ehrenberg, 53. 
DISTRIBUTION. 
Geographical. 
Atlantic Ocean, etc. — Broch, 19; 
Cheochia-Rispoli, 26 ; Clark, 34, 
35 & 36; Deichmann, 48; Garcias i 
Font, 73 ; MorteNseN, 137 ; Nord- 
gard, 141 ; Nutting, 143 ; PiiilippseN, 
153 ; Scheuring, 161 . 
Indian Ocean. — AnNandale, 2 ; Koeh- 
ler, 110 ; Mortensen, 137. 
Pacific Ocean. — Campbell, 22 ; 
Clark, 38 ; Deichmann, 48 ; Fisher, 
65 & 66 ; GislIsn, 79 ; Koehler, 108 ; 
Mortensen, 136 & 137. 
Arctic Ocean. — Stepiiensen, 171. 
Southern Ocean. — Koehler, 108. 
Malaysia. — DoderleiN, 54 ; Koehler, 
109; Mortensen, 137. 
Geological. 
General. — Jackson, 96 ; MeNgaud, 
130 ; Riche and Roman, 157 ; Stamp 
and others, 170 ; Vaughan, 177. 
Cainozoic general. — Lambert, 112. 
Pleistocene. — Goldring, 84; Jen- 
sen, 98. 
Pliocene. — Boswell and Double, 14 ; 
Clark, 35a ; Gerth, 75 ; Grippe, 87 ; 
Kober, 107 ; Lambert, 113 ; Stefanini, 
170a. 
Mio-Pliocene. — Checchia-Rispoli, 32. 
Miocene. — Demoly, 49 & 50 ; Gerth, 
75 ; Kober, 107 ; Lambert, 113 ; 
Norregard, 142; Richards, 156a; 
StefaNini, 170a ; Vaughan, 177a. 
Oligocene. — Lambert, 116 ; Mitchell, 
133; Richards, 156a; Schlosser, 
162 ; Vaughan, 177a. 
Eocene. — Checchia-Rispoli, 30 ; 
Clark, 35a; Cooke, 39; Demoly, 
49 ; Geiith, 75 ; Hawkins in Bosworth 
AND OTHERS, 15 J LAMBERT, 115 J 
Lericiie, 124; OpfeNheim, 148; 
Vaugiian, 177a ; Voitesti, 180. 
Cretaceous. — Adkins, 1 ; Berry, 11 ; 
Berry and StiNgewald, 12 ; Bry- 
doNe, 20 ; Butler, 21 ; Checchia- 
Rispoli, 27, 28, 29 & 31; Demoly, 
49 & 50; Dibley and Fagg, 52; 
Fa as, 60 ; Fischer, 64 ; Gillet, 77 ; 
Hoppe, 92 ; Howchin, 93 ; Kilian , 
103; Lambert, 111, 112, 114 & 116; 
Lamplugh, 117 ; Mitchell, 133 ; Op- 
peNheim, 147 ; RavN, 155 ; Springer, 
168 ; Treciimann, 172 ; Valette, 174 ; 
Vaughan, 177a; WimaN, 182. 
Jurassic. — Bouillerie, 16; Demoly, 
49 & 50 ; Faber, 61 ; Faure-Mar- 
guerit, 62; Fischer, 64; Girardot, 
78; HawkiNs, 89; Hoppe, 92; Mou- 
TIER, 138. 
Lias (and Rhaetic). — Hawkins, 88; 
LaNquiNe, 121 ; LeffiNgwell (Sprin- 
ger in), 123 ; SchnittmaNn, 163. 
, Trias. — Arthaber, 3 ; Jaworski, 97 ; 
Lange, 120. 
