67 
The Box* (page 30), though it attains in a few places the dignity 
of a tree, is best known as a small bush, and in its dwarf form is a 
plot edging. 
Of the two Elms, the Wych Elm* (page 32) and the Common 
Elm* (page 31), the former, which is much commoner in Scotland 
than the latter, has very much larger leaves, though their shape and 
thpt of the fruit are very similar. The photograph shows to 
perfection the beautiful and characteristic droop of the leaves and 
clustering of the fruit of the Wych Elm. 
The light, warm green of the leaves, added to their characteristic 
shape, of the Walnut (page 33,), makes this handsome tree easily 
distinguishable. 
To identify Willows with certainty is no easy task, as the varieties 
run into hundreds. They require special study and it is impossible 
here to attempt any detailed description. We give, however, photo- 
graphs of three of the commonest species, the Crack Willow* 
{page 34) White Willow* (page 35) and Sallow* (page 36) in 
bud, showing the catkins which are so distinctive a feature of the 
Willow tribe. 
The leaves of the Poplars are very characteristic and make the 
species easily identifiable. The leaves of the Abele or White 
Poplar* (page 37) have a very downy white under-surface, whence 
the name. The fluttering of the leaves of the Aspen (page 38) and 
other Poplars is caused by the lateral compression of the stalks. 
The appearance of the tall Lombardy Poplar is familiar from 
its frequency in photographs of Italian scenery. 
There is no more common riverside tree than the Alder* (page 40), 
nor any more common everywhere than the beautiful Birch* 
(page 41) with its silvery bark and inimitably graceful form, and the 
Oak* (page 43), familiar to all. The thinner, more deeply cut 
leaves of the Turkey Oak (page 43), form its distinguishing mark, 
while the glossy, somewhat holly-like leaves and small acorns of 
the Holm Oak (page 44) are unique. 
The Beech*(page 45), and Hazel*(page 48) need no description, 
nor does the Sweet Chestnut (page 46). 
The Hornbeam* (page 47) might easily on a superficial exam- 
ination be confounded with the Beech, but the resemblance is only 
superficial. See the fruit, etc. 
The leaf of the Plane Tree (page 49) closely resembles that ot 
the Sycamore, but the fruit, as may be seen from the photograph, 
is quite distinct. Its leaves are still verdant green late in autumn, 
when those of the Sycamore are dark, and they are opposite in the 
latter as opposed to alternate in the Plane. 
The dark green leaves of the Yew* (page 50), and their arrange- 
ment, clearly shown in the illustration, should make it easily 
distinguishable. The Irish Yew* is upright in shape, “ fastigiate,” 
like the Lombardy Poplar. 
