thic; and 4, brachy cephalic-prognathic, can no longer be 
accepted as scientifically accurate. 
The measurements of Professor Retzius, who introduced 
this classification, were taken on a level with the glabella in 
front and the occipital tuberosity behind, i.e., just along the 
line which the hat takes when placed upon the head, and 
it is owing to this circumstance that I have been able to 
take the measurements of hundreds of skulls by employing 
an instrument used by hatters, which gives the outline of 
the skull and repeats it in miniature upon a piece of card- 
board. We can in a moment obtain the actual size of the 
skull by running a two-inch gauge completely round the 
miniature. 
Turning to the examples before us, amongst the English 
skulls we find extreme specimens of dolicocephalism, or 
longheadedness, extreme specimens of brachycephalism, or 
broadheadedness, and specimens of every intermediate type ; 
e.g., one gives a cephalic index of 75, measuring 8 inches in 
length by 6 in breadth, while another gives a cephalic index 
of 881, measuring 7f inches by Gf inches. 
In the German skulls, of which I have tracings, there is 
not a single example of dolicocephalism, although Retzius 
classes them as dolicocephalic. 
Of the Danish skulls, both the examples shown are dolico- 
cephalic. 
Of the two Russian skulls, one is brachy cephalic and one 
dolicocephalic. 
The extremest type of brachycephalism is met with in a 
Greek skull, which measured Gf by Gf inches, giving a 
cephalic index of 93 or nearly so. 
The evidence afforded by the Jewish skull is interesting. 
We have hitherto been dealing with the skulls of nations 
who freely intermarry with other nations, and -whose skulls 
might in consequence be expected to vary, but this is not 
the case with the Jew ; yet we meet with long heads and 
broad heads equally in this race with the others. 
Another point illlustrated by these tracings is the absence 
of a bilateral symmetry in human skulls. Though the 
