V 
cases only portions need be preserved, one side with 
part of stem, or the top and lowest pinnse for instance ; 
but no pinnae should be torn off from rachis ; this latter 
should be cut above and below, and the opposite pinnse 
shortened, so that the divisions of the frond continue to 
be shown. Fronds shrivelled and apparently undeter- 
minable, may be recovered by softening in water, flatten- 
ing, and again pressing. 
Several fronds may conveniently be placed together 
in the pad ; they should be laid front downwards, especi- 
ally when later removed to blotting paper, each slightly 
pushed upwards as the sheet is pressed down upon it, so 
that the segments are opened out. 
If intended for the plains, roots should be packed in 
dry moss or earth in a tin case : they may also be sent 
safely by parcel post in cotton wool, packed in a card- 
board box. For England they may be put in damp moss 
in a wax clothed box. 
4. When on the spot it is necessary to note the 
general habit of a plant, its surroundings and mode of 
growth, colour and texture, and character of root ; shape, 
size, colour, and position of scales, if any ; whether hairy 
or naked, (seen by holding a frond horizontally against the 
light); all which can best be examined in the fresh plant. 
Fronds of different ages should be collected, and the posi- 
tion and shape of sori and of involucre, — which if decidu- 
ous will only be found on young seed — if possible deter- 
mined. 
i 
