GLY 
cblcng wings, and a two-leaved keel which is acute. It 
hath ten Jlamina , nine joined and one ft an ding j ingle ; they 
are longer than the keel , and terminated by roundijh fum- 
mits. In the bottom is fituated a fhort germen , fupporting 
an awl-Jhaped ftyle the length of the Jlamina, crowned by 
a rifting obtufe ftigma. 'The germen afterward becomes an 
oblong , or oval comprejfed pod with one cell , including two 
or three kidney-Jhaped feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the third fedion of 
Linnseus’s feventeenth clafs, intitled Diadelphia De- 
can dria, which includes thofe plants which have ten 
ftamina joined in two bodies. 
The Species are, 
1. Glycyrrhiza ( Glabra ) leguminibus glabris. Hort. 
Cliff. 490. Liquorice with fnooth pods. Glycyrrhiza fi- 
' liquofa, vel Germanica. C» B. P. Common Liquorice. 
2. Glycyrrhiza ( Echinata ) leguminibus echinatis. Prod. 
Leyd. 386. Liquorice with prickly pods. Glycyrrhiza 
capite echinato. C. B. P. Rough-podded Liquorice. 
Glycyrrhiza ( Llirfuta ) leguminibus hiriutis. Prod. 
Leyd. 386. Liquorice with hairy pods. Glycyrrhiza 
Orientalis, filiquis hirfutiffimis. Tourn. Cor. Eaftern 
Liquorice with hairy pods. 
The firft fort is that which is commonly cultivated in 
England for medicine ; the other two kinds are pre- 
ferved in curious botanic gardens for variety, but their 
roots are not fo full of juice as the firft, nor is the 
juice fo fweet ; though the fecond fort feems to be 
that which Diofcorides has defcribed and recom- 
mended, but I fuppofe the goodnefs of the firft has 
occafioned its being fo generally cultivated in Europe. 
The roots of this run very deep into the ground, and 
creep to a confiderable diftance, efpecially where they 
are permitted to ftand long unremoved ; from thefe 
arife ftrong herbaceous ftalks, four or five feet high, 
garnifbed with winged leaves, compofed of four or 
five pair of oval lobes, terminated by an odd one-, the 
leaves and ftalks are clammy, and of a dark green -, 
the flowers come out in fpikes from the wings of the 
ftalks, ftanding ered -, they are of a pale blue colour, 
and are fucceeded by fhort compreffed pods, each con- 
taining two or three kidney-fhaped feeds. It flowers 
the latter end of July, but the feeds do not ripen in 
England. 
This plant delights in a light fandy foil, which fhould : 
be three feet deep at leaft, for the goodnefs of Li- 
quorice confifts in the length of the roots : the greateft 
quantity of Liquorice which is propagated in England, 
is about Pontefrad in Yorkfhire, and Godalmin in 
Surry -, though of late years there hath been a great 
deal cultivated in the gardens near London : the 
ground in which you intend to plant Liquorice, 
fhould be well dug and dunged the year before you 
plant it, that the dung may be perfectly rotted, and 
mixed with the earth, otherwife it will be apt to flop 
the roots from running down ; and before you plant it, 
the ground fhould be dug three fpades deep, and laid 
very light ; when your ground is thus well prepared, 
you fhould furnifh yourfelf with frefh plants taken 
from the fides or heads of the old roots, obferving 
that they have a good bud or eye, otherwife they are 
fubjed to mifcarry -, thefe plants fhould be about ten 
inches long, and perfedly found. 
The beft feafon for planting them is in the be- 
ginning or middle of March, which muft be done 
in the following manner, viz. Firft ftrain a line 
crofs the ground in which you would plant them, 
then with a long dibble made on purpofe, put in the 
fhoot, fo that the whole plant rriay be fet ftrait into 
the ground, with the head about an inch under the 
furface in a ftrait line, about a foot afunder, or more, 
in the rows, and two feet diftance row from row ; and 
after having finifhed the whole fpot of ground, you 
may fow a thin crop of Onions, which being plants 
that do not root deep into the ground, nor fpread 
much above, will do the Liquorice no damage the firft 
year; for the Liquorice will not fhoot very high the 
firft feafon, and the hoeing of the Onions will alfo 
keep the ground clear from weeds ; but in doing of 
of this you muft be careful not to cut off the top fhoots 
G N A 
the Liquorice plants when they appear above grounds 
which would greatly injure them ; and alfo obferve tO 
cut up. all the Onions which grow near the heads of 
the Liquorice ; and after your Onions are pulled up, 
you fhould carefully hoe and clean the ground frond 
weeds ; and in October, when the fhoots of the Li- 
quorice are decayed, you fhould fpread a little very- 
rotten dung upon the furface of the ground, which 
will prevent the weeds from growing during the 
winter, and the rain will wafii the virtue of the dung 
into the ground, which will greatly improve the 
plants. 
In the beginning of March following you fhould 
fiightly dig the ground between the rows of Liquorice^ 
burying the remaining part of the dung-, but in doing 
of this, you fhould be very careful not to cut the roots. 
This ftirring of the ground will not only preferve it 
clean from weeds a long time, but alfo greatly 
ftrengthen the plants. 
The diftance which I have allowed for planting thefe 
plants, will, I doubt not; by fame, be thought too 
great ; but in anfwer to that, I would only obferve, 
that as the largenefs of the roots is the chief advan- 
tage to the planter, fo the only method to obtain this, 
is by giving them room; and befides, this will give 
a greater liberty to ftir and drefs the ground, which 
is of great fervice to Liquorice ; and if the plantation 
defigned were to be of an extraordinary bignefs, I 
would advife the rows to be made at leaft three feet 
diftant, whereby it will be eafy to itir the ground with 
a breaft plough, which will greatly leffen the expence 
of labour. 
Thefe plants fhould remain three years from the time 
of planting, when they will be fit to take up for ufe; 
which fhould not be done until the ftalks are perfebtly 
decayed ; for when it is taken up too foon, it is fub- 
jed to fhrink greatly, and lofe of its weight. 
The ground near London being rich, increafes the 
bulk of the root very faft ; but when it is taken up; 
it appears of a very dark colour, and not near fo 
lightly as that which grows upon a fandy foil in an 
open country. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in fome parts of Italyj 
and in the Levant ; the ftalks and leaves of this are 
very like thole of the firft, but the flowers are pro- 
duced in fhorter fpikes, and the pods which fucceed 
them are very fhort, broad at their bafe, ending in 
acute points, and are armed with fharp prickles. This 
flowers about the fame time as the firft, and in warm 
feafons will perfed feeds in England. 
The third fort grows naturally in the Levant, from 
whence the feeds were fent to the royal garden at 
Paris, by Dr. Tournefort. This hath much the ap- 
pearance of the other two fpecies, but the pods of it 
are hairy, and longer than thofe of the other. Both 
thefe forts may be propagated in the fame manner as 
the firft, or from feeds, which may be fown in the 
fpring on a bed of light earth; but as neither of thefe 
are tiled, fo they are feldom propagated unlefs for thfi 
fake of variety. . ' . 
GN APHALIUM. Lin. Gen. Plant. 850. Elichry- 
fum. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 452. tab. 259. Goldylocks^ 
or Eternal Flower ; in French, Immortelle . 
The Characters are, 
It hath a compound flower , made up of hermaphrodite 
florets and female half florets , included in one fcaly empale - 
ment ; the hermaphrodite florets are tubulous, funnel-Jhaped, 
and cut into five parts at the brim , which are reflexed ; 
thefe have five Jhort hairy ftamina , terminated by cylin :■* 
drical fummits. In the center is fituated a germen , fup* 
porting a flender ftyle the length of the ftamina, ct owned 
by a bifid ftigma ; the germen afterward becomes a Jingle 
feed , which in fome fpecies is crowned with a hairy down$ 
and in others a feathery down. The female flowers which 
are intermixed with thefe have no ftamina , but a germen 
fupporting a flender ftyle, crowned by a bifid reflexed ftig- 
ma. Thefe are in fome fpecies fruitful, and in others they 
are barren. The empalement of the flower is permanent 
and Joining. 
si 34 
