GOS 
having leafy empalements ending ...with Ipines ; the 
itowers are yellow, and appear in the fummer months, 
but are net fucceeded by feeds in England. 
It is propagated by planting ofthefmall heads at the 
end of the branches, in June or July, which mull be 
clofely covered with either bell or hand-glaffes, or 
they will not fucceecl, andfhould be carefully fereened 
from the fun. When thefe are well rooted, they fhould 
be put each into a ftnall pot, and in winter fhould 
be placed in an airy glafs-cafe fecure from damps. 
GORZ. See Ulex. 
GOSSYPIUM. Lin. Gen. Plant. 755. Xyion. 
Tourn. Inft. R. H. 10 1. tab. 27. Cotton. 
The Characters are, 
fflje flower has a double empalement ; the outer is large , 
cf one leaf and cut halfway into three fegments ; the in- 
ner is cup-Jhaped , of one leaf , cut into five obtufe feg- 
ments at the top. It hath five plain heari-fhaped petals , 
which join at their bafe , and fpread open. It hath a 
great number of ftamina , which are joined at botto?n in 
a column , but are twfe above, and infierted into the petals \ 
thefe are terminated by kidney-fljaped fummits. It hath a 
round ger men, fuppor ting four flyles, joined in the column, 
and are the fame length cf the jiamina, crowned by four 
thick ftigmas. The germen afterward becomes a roundifh 
capfule, ending in a point , having four cells, which are 
filled with oval feeds, wrapped up in- down. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the third fedtion 
of Linnaeus’s fixteenth clafs, inticled Monodelphia 
Polyandria, which includes the plants whole flowers 
have many ilamina, which are joined together with 
the flyles in one column or body. 
The Species are, 
1. Gossypium ( Herbaceum ) foliis quinquelobis, caule 
herb-aceo lsevi. Ido it. Upfal. 203. Cotton with leaves 
having five lobes, and a fmooth herbaceous ftalk. Gof- 
fypium. Camer. Epit. 203. The common herbaceous 
Cotton. 
2. Gossypium ( Barbadenfe ) foliis trilobis integerrimis 
fubtus biglandulofis. Hort. Upfal. 205. Cotton-tree 
with entire leaves, having three lobes with three glands 
under their fide. Gofiypium frutefeens annuum, folio 
trilobo Barbadenfe. Pluk. Aim. 172. tab. 188. Shrub- 
by annual Barbadoes Cotton, with leaves having three lobes. 
3. Gossypium ( Arbor eum ) foliis palmatis, lobis lanceo- 
latis, caule fruticofo. Lin. Sp. Plant. 693. Cotton 
with handfioaped leaves, having five fpear-jhaped lobes , 
and a jhrubby ftalk. Xyion arboreum, flore flavo. 
T ourn. Inll. R. H. 1 o 1 . Tree Cotton with a yellow flower. 
4. Gossypium ( Hirfutum ) foliis trilobis & quinquelobif- 
que acutis, caule ramofo hirfuto. Cotton with leaves 
having three and five lobes, ending in acute points, and 
a hairy branching ftalk. Xyion Americanum praeftan- 
tiflimum, femine virefeente. Lign. Tourn. Inft. R. 
H. 1 o 1 . Tine ft American Cotton with a green feed. 
The firft fort is the' common Levant Cotton, v/hich 
is cultivated in feveral Elands of the Archipelago, as 
alfo in Malta, Sicily, and the kingdom of Naples ; it 
is lown in tilled ground in the fpring of the year, and 
is ripe in about four months after, when it is cut 
down in harveft as Corn is in England; the plants 
always perifh foon after the feeds are ripe : this plant 
grows about two feet high, with an herbaceous ftalk, 
garnifhed with fmooth leaves divided into five lobes. 
Theftalks fendout afewweak branches upward, which 
are garnifhed with leaves of the fame form but fmaller. 
The flowers are produced near the extremity ol the 
branches, at the foot-ftalks of the leaves ; thefe have 
two large empalements, the outer is cut into three 
parts, and the inner into five. The petals of the 
flower are of a pale yellow colour; inclining to white ; 
thefe are fucceeded by oval capfules, which open in 
four parts, having four cells, which are .filled with 
feeds wrapped up in down, which is the Cotton. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in feveral iflands of the 
Weft-Indies ; this riles with a fhrubby fmooth ftalk 
four or five feet high, lending out a few fide branches, 
which are garnifhed with fmooth leaves, divided into 
three lobes. The flowers are produced toward the 
end of the branches, which are fhaped like thole of 
G R A 
the former fort, but are larger, and of a deeper 
yellow colour. The pods are larger, and the feeds 
are black. 
The third fort hath a perennial fhrubby ftalk, which 
rifes fix or eight feet high, and divides into many 
fmooth branches, garnifhed with hand-lhaped leaves, 
having four or five lobes. The flowers- are produced 
toward the end of the branches ; thefe are larger than 
thofe of the two former forts, and are of . a deep yel- 
low colour. The pods of this fort are larger than 
thofe of the former. 
The fourth fort is a native of the Eaft and Weft- 
Indies, from whence the feeds have been brought 
to Europe ; this is alfo an annual plant, which perukes 
foon after the feeds are ripe. It rifes to the height of 
three feet or more, and fends out many lateral branches, 
which extend to a great diftance, where they are al- 
lowed room to grow ; thefe are hairy, and gar- 
nifhed with leaves, having in fome three, and others 
five acute-pointed lobes, with fhort hairy down 
on their furface. The flowers are produced from the 
fide, and at the end of the branches ; thefe are large, 
of a dirty fulphur colour, each petal having a large 
purple foot at the bafe, and are fucceeded by oval 
pods, which open into four cells, which are filled with 
oblong green feeds wrapped up in a foft down. Where 
the plants have room to fpread, their branches will 
produce four or five pods of Cotton upon each, fo that 
from a fingle plant, thirty or more pods may be pro- 
duced ; and each of thefe are as large as middling Ap- 
ples, fo there will be a much greater produce from this 
than from any other fort, and the ftaple is much finer ; 
therefore it is well worth the attention of the inhabitants 
of the Britifh colonies in America to cultivate and im- 
prove this fort, fince it will fucceed in Carolina, where 
it it has been cultivated for fome years ; and might be 
a commodity worthy of encouragement by the pub- 
lic, could they contrive a proper gin to feparate the 
Cotton from the feeds, to which this fort adheres 
much clofer than any of the other forts, the Cotton 
from this fhrub being preferable to any other yet known. 
All thefe forts are very tender plants, therefore will 
not thrive in the open air in. England, but they are 
frequently fown in curious gardens for variety,: the firft 
and fourth forts will produce ripe feeds in England, if 
their feeds are fown early in the fpring, upon a good 
hot-bed ; and when the plants are come up, planted 
each into feparate pots, and plunged into a hot-bed of 
tanners bark to bring them forward ; and when they 
are grown too tall to remain under the frames, re- 
moved into the tan-bed in the Hove, and fhifted into 
larger pots, when their roots have filled the other ; 
with this management I have had their flowers appear 
in July, and toward the end of September the feeds 
have been perfectly ripe, and the pods as large as 
thofe produced in the Eaft and Weft-Indies but if 
the plants are not brought forward early in the 
fpring, it will be late in the fummer before the flowers 
will appear, and there will be no hopes of the pods 
coming to perfection. 
The Shrub-cotton will rife from the feeds very eafily, 
if they are fown upon a good hot- bed ; and when 
they are fown early in the fpring, and brought forward 
in the fame manner as hath been direfted for the for- 
mer forts, the plants will grow to be five or fix feet 
high the fame fummer; but it is difficult to preferve 
the plants through the winter, unlefs they are harden- 
ed gradually in Auguft during the continuance of the 
warm weather ; for when they are forced on at that 
time, they will be fo tender, as to render them inca- 
pable of re filling the lead injury. The plants of this 
fort mull be placed in the bark-ftove in autumn, 
and kept in the firft clafs of heat, other wife they will 
not live through the winter in England. 
GRAFTING is the taking a,fhoot from .one tree, 
and inferring it into another, in fuch a manner, as 
that both may unite clofely, and become one tree ; 
this is called by the ancient writers in hufbandry and 
gardening, incifion, to diftinguifh it from inoculat- 
ing, or budding, which they call inferere oculos, 
6 H The 
