formed about the latter end of March, or the be- 
ginning of April. 
2. Cleft-grafting, which is alfo called flock, or Hit- 
grafting *, this is proper for trees or flocks of a leffer 
fize, from an inch, to two inches or more diameter , 
this grafting is to be performed in the months of Fe- 
bruary and March, andfiipplies the failure of the efcut- 
cheomvay, which is praftifed in June, July, and Auguft. 
3. Whip-grafting, which is alfo called tongue-graft- 
ing ; this is proper for fmall flocks of an inch, half 
an inch, or lefs, diameter ; this is the moft effectual 
way of any, and which is moil in ufe. 
4. Grafting by approach, or abla&ation $ this is 
to be performed when the flock you would graft on, 
and the tree from which you take your graft, Hand 
fo near together, that they may be joined , this is 
to be performed in the month of April, and is alfo 
called inarching, and is chiefly ufed for Jafmines, 
Granges, and other tender exotic trees. 
We come next to the manner of performing the fe- 
deral ways of grafting. 
The firft method, which is termed rind, or fhoulder- 
grafting, is feldom pradifed but on large trees, 
where either the head, or the large branches, are cut 
off horizontally, and two or four cions put in, accord- 
ing to tire fize of the branch, or idem ■, in doing of 
this, the cions are cut flat on one fide, with a flioul- 
der to reft upon the crown of the flock , then the 
rind of the flock muft be railed up, to admit the cion 
between the wood and the bark of the flock, which 
muft be inlerted about two inches, fo as the fhoulder 
of the cion may meet, and clofely join the crown of 
the flock •, and after the number of cions are inferred, 
the whole crown of the flock fhould be well clayed 
over, leaving two eyes of the cions uncovered there- 
with, which will be fufficient for fhooting , this me- 
thod of grafting, was much more in practice formerly 
than at prefent , the difcontinuance of it was occafion- 
ed by the ill fuccefs it was attended with , for as 
thefe cions were placed between the rind of the flock 
and the wood, fo they are frequently blown out by 
ftrong winds, after they had made large fhoots, 
which has fometimes happened after five or fix years 
growth •, fo that whenever this method is praftifed, 
there fhould be fome flakes fattened to fupport the 
cions, until they have almoft covered the Hock. 
The next method is termed cleft, or flock-graft- 
ing ; this is pradifed upon flocks, or trees, of a 
fmaller fize, and may be ufed with fuccefs, where the 
rind of the flock is not too thick, whereby the inner 
bark of the cion will be prevented joining to that of 
the flock , this may be performed on flocks, or 
branches, which are more than one inch diameter , in 
the doing of this, the head of the flock, or branch, 
muft be cut off with a flope, and a flit made the con- 
trary way, in the top of the flope, deep enough to 
receive the cion, which fhould be cut Hoping like a 
wedge, fo as to fit the flit made in the flock, being 
careful to leave that fide of the wedge, which is to be 
placed outward, much thicker than the other , and in 
putting the cion into the flit of the flock, there muft 
be great care taken to join the rind of the cion to 
that of the flock •, for if thefe do not unite, the grafts 
will not fucceed : when this method of grafting is 
ufed to flocks which are not ftrong, it will be proper 
to make a ligature of bals, to prevent the flit of the 
Hock from opening •, then the whole fhould be clayed 
over, to prevent the air from penetrating the flit, fo 
as to deftroy the grafts, only leaving two eyes of the 
cions above the clay for fhooting. 
The third method is termed whip, or tongue-graft- 
ing, which is the moft commonly pradifed of any by 
the nurferymen near London, efpeciaily for fmall 
flocks, becaufe the cions much fooner cover the flocks 
in this method than in any other. 
This is performed by cutting off the head of the 
flocks Hoping , then there muft be a notch made in 
the Hope toward the upper part downward, a little 
more than half an inch deep, to receive the cion, which 
muft be cut with a flope upward, and a flit made in 
this flope like a tongue, which tongue muft be in- 
flated into the flit tnade in the flope of the ftock,* Mel 
the cion muft be placed on one fide of the ftock, fd 
as that the two rinds of both cion arid ftotk may be 
fcqual, and join together exadly , then thefe fliotlld be 
a ligature of bafs to fatten the cion, fo as that it may 
hot be eafily' difplaCed, and afterward clay it over,' a£ 
in the former methods. . 
The fourth fort of grafting is termed inarching- 
grafting by approach, or abladation. This is only 
to be performed when the flocks,’ which are defigned. 
to be grafted, and the tree from which the graft is 
to be taken, Hand fo near together, or may be brought 
fo near together, as that their branches may be united j 
this method of grafting is commonly pradifed on ten- 
der exotic plants, and fome other forts which do hot 
fucceed in any of the other methods. 
In performing this operation, a part of the flock,- 
or branch, rnuft be flit off about two inches in length* 
obferving always to make choice of a fmooth part of 
the ftock •, then a fmall notch fhould be made in this 
flit of the ftock downward, in the fame manner as hath: 
been directed for whip-grafting •, then the branch of 
the tree defigned to be inarched, fhould have a part 
flit off in like manner as the ftock, and a flit made 
upward in this, fo as to leave a tongue ; which tongue 
fhould be inferted into the flit of the ftock* obferving 
to join their rinds equally, that they may unite well 
together-, then make a ligature of bafs, to keep them 
exadly in their fituation, and afterward day this part 
of the ftock over well, to keep out the air ; in this 
method of grafting, the cion is not feparated from 
the tree, until it is firmly united with the flock, nor 
is the head of the ftock, or branch, which is grafted, 
cut off till this time, and only half the wood pared 
off with a flope, about three inches in length, and 
the fame of the cion, or graft. 
This method of grafting’ is not performed fo early in 
the feafon as thofe of the other, it being done in 
the month of April, when the fap is flowing, at which 
time the cion and ftock will join together, and unite 
much fooner than at any other feafon. 
The Y/alnut, Fig, and Mulberry, will take by this 
method of grafting, but neither of thefe will fucceed 
in any of the other methods ; there a.re alfo feveral 
forts of Evergreens, which may be propagated by this 
method of grafting ; but all the trees which are graft- 
ed in this way are weaker, and never grow to the fize 
of thofe which are grafted in the other methods j 
therefore this is rarely pradifed, but on fdcli forts 
of trees as v/ill not take by the other methods. 
The next thing which is neceffary to be known, by 
thofe who would pradife this art, is, what trees will 
take and thrive by being grafted upon each other , and 
here there have been no fure diredions given by any of 
the writers on this fubject, for there will be found 
great miftakes in all their books, in relation to this 
- matter but as'it would fwell this article too great, if 
all the forts of trees were to be here enumerated, which 
will take upon each other by grafting, I fhall only men- 
tion fuch general directions, as, if attended to, will be 
fufficient to inftrud perfons, fo as they may fucceed. 
All fuch trees as are of the fame genus, i. e: which 
will agree in their flower and fruit, will take upon 
each other : for inftance, all the Nut-bearing trees may- 
be fafely grafted on each other, as may all theTIumb- 
bearing trees, under which head I reckon not only 
the feveral forts of Plumbs, but alfo the Almond* 
Peach, Nectarine, Apricot, &c. which agree exadly 
in their general charaders, by which they are dif- 
tinguifhed from all other trees , but as many of thefe 
are very fubjed to emit large quantities of gum from 
the parts of the trees as are deeply cut and wounded, 
fo the tender trees of this kind, viz. Peaches and Nec- 
tarines, which are moft fubject to this, it is found to 
be the fureft method to bud or inoculate thefe forts of 
fruits, for which fee Inoculation. 
Then all fuch trees as bear cones will do well ilpoii 
each other, though they may differ in one being ever- 
green, and the other fhedding its leaves in winter ; as 
is obiervbale in the Cedar of Libanus, and the Larch- 
tree, which are found to fucceed upon each other very 
well *3 
