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tie more than copying after the French', whofe tafte 
•was in making long avenues, ftrait walks, fliff regu- 
lar Hopes, cabinets, fret-work, tall hedges cut into 
various fhapes, jets d’eau, fountains, &c. fo.that fhere 
was little of nature ftudied ; but, on the contrary, all 
the geometrical figures introduced in wi Idem efs- work, 
as alio in the parterres, and other compartments of 
the garden : nor is it fb much to be wondered at, that 
this tafte prevailed in France, when the defigns of all 
the principal gardens were there formed by architects, 
who were as ftudious to have the fymmetry of the op- 
pofite, or correfp'onding part of the garden, as exad 
as the apartments of a habitation ; nor has length of 
time, nor the improvements already made in other 
countries, amended their tafte, or convinced them 
of its abfurdity. 
As the gardens of Verfailles, Marli, and others, were 
extolled for their magnificence, fo the plans of them 
were almoft univerMy copied • the designers, or imi- 
tators rather, only varying the parts according to the 
Situation or figure of the ground ; and this, was prac- 
ticed for feveral years, at a time, when great fums of 
money were expended in gardens, which might have 
rendered this country the molt beautiful of any in Eu- 
rope, had a natural tafte then prevailed in the defisn- 
ing of gardens ; which is the more to be lamented, 
as the plantations then made, have been many of 
them looted, out, to make way for the alterations 
and improvements which have been fince introduced. 
Many perfons, I am lenfible, will have it, that, in 
the defigns of gardens, the tafte fhould alter from 
time to time, as much as the fafhion of apparel ; 
but thefe cannot be perfons of judgment j for where- 
ver there are natural beauties in a country, they will 
always pleafe perfons of real knowledge and fre- 
quently it is obferved, that perfons of but little fkill 
in the art of gardening, are ftruck with thefe beau- 
ties without knowing the caufe ; therefore where the 
beautiful parts of nature are juftly imitated in gar- 
dens, they will always be approved by judicious per- 
fons, let the tafte of gardening alter as it will. 
When trees have been long growing in a garden, 
nothing can be more difagreeable than to have, 
them deflroyed, to alter the garden according to the 
fafhion of the time, becaufe it requires much time 
to bring up trees to fuch a height as to afford fliade 
ana fhelter •, and, as time is precious, fo, where the 
difpofition of the garden is altered, there fhould be 
great attention given to the prefervation of all the 
good trees, , wherever they can be either uleful or or- 
namental. 
There is another eftential part of gardening, which 
cannot be too much confidered by perfons who 
defign gardens, which is that of adapting the feveral 
forts of trees and fhrubs, to the fituation and foil of 
the garden, as alfo to allow the trees a proper fhare 
of room j but, however neceffary this will appear, 
yet very few perfons have made this their ftudy, in- 
lornuch that when one views many modern gardens, 
and fees the great number of trees and fhrubs, which 
a;e crowded into them, one would be induced to be- 
lieve, that private intereft has had a greater influence 
than any other motive, with the defigners. Indeed this 
fault may often be aferibed to the matter, who, per- 
haps, is too much in hafte for fhade and fhelter, fo 
will have three or four times the number of trees 
ana fhrubs planted as fhould have been, or that can 
remain long without injury, where the plantations 
fucceed ; sun to this over-hafte are owing the mi- 
fei able plantations of large trees, fo often feen in 
gardens and parks, where trees of all forts, and of 
any age are taken out of woods, hedge-rows, &c. 
and removed at a great expence to ft and and decay 
annually, till they become fo many dead flicks, than 
which nothing ^ can be a more difagreeable fight to 
the owner ; who, after an expectation for feveral 
years, attended with an expence of watering, dig- 
ging, and cleaning, finds himfelf under a nece fifty 
either of replanting, or giving up the thoughts of 
leaving any. Is! umbers of perfons have indeed amufed 
themfeives \v }tn the hopes of luccefs, by feeing thefe 
G A R 
nevy planted trees put out branches- for a year or two.,. 
. which they generally do ; but in three or four years 
atter, inftead of making a progyefs, they begin to 
decay at the top, and continue to do fo gradually, 
until they quite perifh, which, perhaps, may not hap- 
pen in eight or ten years, efpecially if no fevere win- 
ter, or very dry fummer, intervenes, either of which 
generally- proves fatal to thefe plantations ^ fo that 
pei Ions may be ied on with hopes, for fo many vears, 
i n tne-beft part of their lives, when there is a certainty 
or then failing, or at lea ft of their never increafing in 
ijze ; but of this I fhall treat more fully in the^ ar- 
ticle or Planting, and fhall proceed. 
In the bufinefs of dejigns, a mean arid pitiful manner 
fhould be ftudioufly avoided, and the aim fhould be 
always at that which is noble and great, not to brincr 
too many litue things into a garden, nor to make 
fmall pieces of water, narrow walks, &c. efpecially 
m large gardens ; for it is much better to have a few 
great things, than four times the number of fmall 
ones," which are trifling. . In fmall gardens there is 
more excufe ror this, nor indeed would it be right, to 
have either large lawns, broad walks, or large'pieces 
of water in fuch ; but yet even in thefe there^ught to 
bea medium, andperfonsfhouldneverattempttocrowd 
too many things in thefe, whereby the whole will ap- 
pear only as a mean and trifling model of a large garden. 
Before the defign of a garden is entered^ upon, it 
ought to be confidered, what it will be in twenty or 
thirty years time, when the trees and fhrubs are 
grown up, and fpread for it often happens, that a 
defign, which looks handfome when it is firfl planted, 
and in good proportion, in procels of time becomes fo 
fmall and ridiculous, that there is a neceffity either of 
altering or totally deftroying it. 
The general diftribution of a garden* and of its 
parts, ought to be accommodated to the different fitu- 
ations of the ground, for a defign may be very pro- 
per for a garden on a perfed level, which will by no 
means do for one where there are great inequalities in 
the ground ; fo that, as I have before intimated, the 
great art of defigning is, in properly adapting the de- 
fign to the fituation, and contriving to lave the ex- 
pence of removing earth, to humour the inequalities of 
the ground, to proportion the number and forts of 
trees and fhrubs to each part of the garden, and to 
fhut out, from the view of the garden, no objects that 
may become ornamental. 
There are, befides thefe, many other rules relating to 
the proportions, conformity, and difpofition of '’die 
different parts and ornaments of gardens, of which 
more may be feen under their feveral articles. 
GARDENIA. See Jasminum. 
GARIDELLA'; Tourn. Inft. R. H. 655. tab. 430. 
Lin. Gen. Plant. 507. [This plant was fo named Iby 
Dr. Tournefort, in honour of Dr. Garidel, who was 
profeffor of phyfic, at Aix, in Provence.] 
The Characters are, 
The flower hath a fmall , oblong , eredl empalement of five 
leaves it hath no petals , but five oblong equal necia- 
riums occupy their place ■, thefe are bilabiate. ‘The outer 
part of the under lip is bifid and plain • the interior '-part 
of the upper lip is floor t and Jingle. T he flower hath 
eight or ten awl-Jhaped flamina , which are jherter than 
the empalement , and are terminated by . obtufe eredl fum - 
mits. In the center \s fituated three germina, which are 
oblongs comprejjed . , and Jharp- pointed, having no ftyles, but 
crowned by fmiple ftigmas thefe become three oblong com- 
prejjed cap Jules with two valves , inclojmg feveral fmall feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged im the third ledion 
of Linnaeus’s tenth clafs, which includes thole plants 
whofe flowers have ten flamina and three germen. 
We know but one Species of this genus, viz. 
Garidella ( Nigellaflrum .) Hort. Cliff. 170.. Garidella 
foliis tenuiflime divifis. Tourn. Garidella with very 
narrow divided leaves ■, and the Nigella Cretica folio 
Foeniculi. C. B. P. 146. Fennel-flower of Crete with a 
Fennel leaf. 
This plant is very near akin to the Nigella, of Fennel- 
flower, to which genus it was placed by the wri- 
ters on botany before Dr. Tournefort, and was by 
- him 
