G A R 
in the fpring or autumn, and will grow almoft in any 
■ foil or fituation, efpecially the firft fort-, the other 
forts require a drier" foil, but will all grow in any fi- 
tuation. , ■ . r 
GALLERIES, are ornaments made with trees of 
various kinds, which are very common in all the 
French o-ardens, but are feldom introduced into the 
Englifh gardens, efpecially fince the tafte for clipped 
trees has°been exploded ; but as there may be fome 
who yet fancy thefe obfolete ornaments, I foall juft 
mention the way of conftrufting them. 
In order to make a gallery in a garden with porticoes 
and arches, a line muft firft be drawn of the length 
you defign the gallery to be ^ which being done, it 
is to be planted with Hornbeam, as directed under 
the articleHoRNBEAM -, whichHornbeam thus planted, 
Is to be the foundation of the gallery. 
The management of them is not very difficult ; they 
require only to be digged about, and foeared a little 
when there is occafion. 
The chief curiofity required is in the ordering the 
fore-part of the gallery, and in forming the arches. 
Each pillar of the porticoes or arches ought to be four 
feet diftant one from the other i the gallery twelve 
feet high, and ten feet wide, that there may be room 
for two or three perfons to walk a-breaft. 
When the Hornbeams are grown to the height of 
three feet, the diftance of the pillars well regulated, 
and the ground-work of the gallery finifted, the next 
thing to be done is to form the frontifpiece : to per- 
form which you muft ftop the Hornbeam between 
two pillars at the height, and run up a trellis made 
for that purpofe, which forms the arch. 
As it grows up you muft with your ffiears even thofe 
boughs that outftoot the other?-, in time they will 
grow ftrong, and may be kept in form by the fhears. 
Portico galleries may be covered with Lime-trees. 
GARCINIA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 526. The Mango- 
fteen. 
The Characters are. 
The flower hath a one-leaved empalement , which is per- 
, manent. It hath flour roundi/h concave petals , which 
flpread open , and are larger than the empalement. It hath 
Jixteen ftamina which are ereli, and form a cylinder, ter- 
minated by roundifh fummits. In the center is fituated an 
oval germen , with flcarce any ftyle , but is crowned by a 
buckler-fhaped plain ftigma divided into eight parts , and 
is permanent. 'The germen afterward becomes a thick 
globular berry with one cell , including eight hairy flefloy 
feeds , which are convex and angular. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft feflion of 
Linnaeus’s eleventh clafs, intitled Dodecandria Mo- 
nogynia, which includes thofe plants whofe flowers 
have twelve ftamina and one ftyle. 
We have but one Species of this genus, viz. 
Garcinia ( Mangoftana .) Horn Cliff. 182. The Man - 
goflan, or Mangofteen. Arbor peregrina aurantio fi- 
mili frucftu. Cluf. Exot. 12. Foreign Tree with a fruit 
like the Orange. 
This tree grows naturally in the Molucca Iflands, and 
alfo in the inland parts of New Spain, from whence 
I received perfed lpecimens, which were fent me by 
Mr. Robert Millar, who gathered them near Tolu, 
but did not know the tree. It rifes with an upright 
ftenT near twenty feet high, fending out many 
branches on every fide, which are' placed oppofite, 
and ftand oblique to each other, and not at right an- 
gles -, the bark of the branches is fmooth, of a gray 
colour, but on the tender flioots it is green, and that 
of the trunk is of a darker colour and full of cracks : 
the leaves are of the fpear-fhape, and entire -, they 
are feven or eight inches long, and about half fo 
much in breadth in the middle, gradually diminifhing 
to both ends, of a lucid green on their upper fide, 
and of an Olive colour on their under, . having a pro- 
minent midrib through the middle, with feveral fmall 
veins running from that to both fides of the leaf. 
The flower is like that of a Angle Rofe, compofed of 
four roundifh petals, which are thick at their bafe, 
but are thinner toward their ends j they are of a dark 
/ 
GAR 
t - I* - “ri' f'.fjtit. , n 
red colour. The fruit which fucceecls the flower iS 
round, the fize of a middling Orange ■, the top is 
covered by a cap, which, was the ftigma on the top 
of the ftyle, and remains to the top of the fruit, and 
is indented in gays to the number of fix or feven, 
which are obtufe. The fhell of the fruit is like that 
of the Pomegranate, but lofter, thicker, and fuller 
of juice ; it is green at firft, but changes to a dark 
brown with fome yellowifh fpots ; the infide of the 
fruit is of a Rofe colour, and divided into feveral 
parts by thin partitions, as in Oranges, in which the 
feeds are lodged, furrounded by a loft juicy pulp of 
a delicious flavour, partaking of the Strawberry and 
the Grape, and is c {teemed one of the richeft fruits 
in the world , the trees naturally growing in the form 
of Pyrabolas, whofe branches are well garnifted with 
large fhining green leaves : they have an elegant ap- 
pearance, and afford a kindly ftiade in hot. countries* 
therefore are worthy of cultivation, in all thofe coun- 
tries where there is warmth enough to ripen the fruit. 
As there are but few of the feeds in thele fruit which 
come to perfection (for the greateft part of theni are 
abortive) fo moft of thofe which have been brought 
to Europe have failed ; therefore the fureft way to 
obtain the plants, is to fow their feeds in tubs of earth 
in the country, and when the plants have obtained 
ftrength, they may be brought to Europe j but there 
ftould be great care taken in their paffage, to fcreen 
them from fait water and the fpray of the fea, as alfo 
not to give them much water, efpecially when they 
are in a cool or temperate climate, for thefe plants are 
very impatient of wet. Vfhen the plants arrive in 
Europe, they fhould be carefully tranfplanted, each 
into a feparate pot, filled with light kitchen-garden 
earth, and plunged into the tan-bed, obferving to 
ftiade them from the fun till they have taken new 
root ; then they muft be treated in the fame manner 
as other tender plants from hot countries. 
GARDENS are diftinguifted into flower-gardens* 
fruit-gardens, and kitchen-gardens : the firft, being 
defigned for pleafure and ornament, are to be placed 
in the moft confpicuous parts, i. e. next to, or juft 
againft the back front of the houfe j the two latter 
being principally intended for ufe and iervice, are 
placed lefs in fight. 
Though the fruit and kitchen-gardens are here men- 
tioned as two diftinCl gardens, and have by the French 
gardeners, as alfo by fome of our own countrymen 
been contrived as fuch, yet they are now ufually in 
one i and with good reafon, fince they- both require 
a good foil and expofure, and will equally require to 
be placed out of the view of the houfe. And as it 
will be proper to inclofe the kitchen-garden with 
walls, and to fecure the gates, that ho perfons may 
have accefs to it, who have no bufinefs in it, for the 
fake of preferving the product, fo thefe walls will 
anfwer the purpofes of both. Moreover, in the dif- 
pofition of the kitchen-garden, when it is properly 
divided into quarters, the planting of elpaliers of 
fruit-trees round each of the quarters, will be of ufe 
in fcreening from the view the kitchen-herbs growing 
in the quarters ; and, by that means, give an elegancy 
to both parts, and fave befides a great expence. The 
only objedticn which has been made to this of any 
confequence is, that the gardeners are tdo apt to 
crowd the borders near the walls with kitchen-herbs, 
whereby the trees are deprived of their nourifhment ; 
but this is in every gentleman’s power to redrefs, by 
not fufferifig the borders to be dips crowded. But I 
ftall treat more fully of this under the article of 
Kitchen-Garden. 
In the choice of a place to plan a garden in, the 
fituation and expofure of the ground are the moft ef- 
fential points to be regarded -, fince, if a failure be 
made in that point, all the care and expence will In a 
manner be loft. 
In a garden for pleafure, the principal things to be 
confidered, are, ift, the fituation ; 2diy, the foil, 
afpedt, or expofure $ sdly, water j 4thly, profpect. 
2 ft, SI- 
