FEN 
the walls may be btfilt thinner,, thari if they were built 
plain without thefe pannels, for then it would be ne~ 
cefiary to build them thicker every where : and be- 
fides, thefe pannels make the walls look the hand- 
fomer. 
Stone walls are by fome preferred to thofe of brick, 
efpecially thofe of fquare hewn ftones ; but where they 
are defigned for fruit, they fhould be faced with brick. 
Thofe that are made of rough ftones, though they are 
very dry and warm, yet, by reafon of their uneven- 
nefs, are inconvenient to nail up trees to, except pieces 
of timber be laid in them here and there for to 
fatten a trellis to them. 
But in large gardens it is better to have the prolpett 
open to the pleafure-garden, which fhould be fur- 
rounded with a foffe, that from the garden the adja- 
cent country may be viewed, but this mutt depend on 
the fituation of the place •, for if the profped from the 
garden is not good, it had better be fhut out from the 
fight by a wall, or any other fence, than to be open. 
As alfo, where a garden lies near a populous town, 
and the adjoining grounds are open to the inhabitants, 
if the garden is open, there will be no walking there 
in good weather, v/ithout being expofed to the view 
of all pafiengers, which is very difagreeable. 
Where thefe fofies are made round a garden which 
is fituated in a park, they are extremely proper ; be- 
caufe hereby the profped of the park will be obtained 
in the garden, which renders thefe gardens much 
more agreeable than thofe which are confined. 
In the making thefe fofies there have been many in- 
ventions ; but, upon the whole, I have not feen any 
which are in all refpeds preferable to thofe which have 
an upright wall next the garden ; which (where the 
foil will admit of a deep trench) fhould be fix or feven 
feet high, fo as to be above the reach of boys ; and 
from the foot of this wall, the ground on the outfide 
fhould rife with a gradual eafy fiope to the diftance of 
eighteen or twenty feet ; and where it can be allowed, 
if it flopes much farther, it will be eafier and lefs 
perceptible as a ditch to the eye, when viewed at a 
diftance. But if the ground is naturally wet, fo as 
not to admit of a deep fofle, then, in order to make 
a fence againft cattle, if the wall be four feet high, 
and flight pofts of three feet and a half high are placed 
juft behind the wall, with a fmall chain carried on 
from poll: to poft, no cattle or deer will ever attempt 
to jump againft it, therefore it will be a fecure fence 
againft them ; and if thefe are painted of a dark lead 
colour, they will not be difcerned at a diftance ; and 
at the fame time the chain will fecure perfons walking 
in the garden from tumbling over : and if another 
chain is carried through the pofts at one foot from the 
ground, it will more effeftually prevent cattle from 
creeping under. 
In fuch places where there are no good profpefts to 
be obtained from a garden, it is common to make the 
inclofure of park-paiing •, which, if well performed, 
will laft many years, and has a much better appear- 
ance than a wall : and this pale may be hid from the 
fight within, by plantations of lhrubs and Ever- 
greens •, or there may be a quick hedge planted within 
the pale, which may be trained up, fo as to be an 
excellent fence by the time the pales begin to decay. 
There are fome perfons who make ftuckade fences 
round their gardens to keep out cattle, &c. which, 
when well made, will anfwer the purpofe of a fence ; 
but this being very expenfive in the making, and not 
of very long duration, has occafioned their not being 
more commonly in ufe. 
As to fences round parks, they are generally of pa- 
ling •, which, if well made of winter-fallen Oak, will 
laft many years •, but a principal thing to be obferved 
in making thefe pales, is not to make them too heavy ; 
- for when they are fo, their own weight will caufe 
them to decay ■, therefore the pale fhould be cleft thin, 
and the rails fhould be cut triangular, to prevent the 
wet lodging upon them ; and the pofts fhould be good, 
and not placed too far afunder, burning that part of 
them as goes into the ground. If thefe things are ob- 
3 
ferved, one of thefe pales will laft, with a little care, 
upward of forty years very well. The common way 
of making thefe fences is, to have every other pale 
nine or ten inches above the intermediate ones ; fo 
that the fence may be fix feet and a half high, which 
is enough for fallow-deer • but where there are red 
deer, the fence fhould be one foot higher, otherwife 
they will leap over. 
Some inelofe their parks with brick walls ; and in 
countries where ftone is cheap, the walls are built 
with this material ; fome with, and others without 
mortar. 
A kitchen-garden, if rightly contrived, will contain 
walling enough to afford a fupply of fuch fruits as 
require the affiftance of a wall for any family ; arid 
this garderi being fituated on one fide, and quite out 
of fight of the ho ufe, may be furrounded with walls, 
which will lcreen the kitchen- garden from the fight 
of perfons in the pleafure-garden ; and being locked 
up, the fruit will be much better preferred than it 
can be in the public garden : and the having too o-reat 
a quantity of walling is often the occafion that fo 
many fcandalous trees are frequently to be feen in 
large gardens, where there is not due care obferved 
in their management. 
And befides, the borders of pleafure-gardens are ge- 
nerally too narrow for the roots of fruit-trees, as will 
be fhewn in its proper place, therefore it is in vain 
to plant them there. 
The height of garden-walls fhould be from ten to 
twelve feet, which is a moderate proportion ; and if 
the foil be good, it may in time be well furni filed 
with bearing wood in every part, efpecially thofe 
parts planted with Pears, notwithftanding the branches 
being trained horizontally from the bottom of the 
walls. 
I would recommend the White Thorn, the Holly, 
the Black Thorn and Crab, for outward fences to a 
good ground, but I do not approve of the intermixing 
them. 
The White Thorn is the beft quick to plant, becaufe 
it is the moft common, and may be clipped fo as to 
render it the clofeft and hardieft fence of any other 
tree ; and being very durable, is preferred to all others 
for outward fences, or for the divifion of fields, where 
they are expofed to cattle, &c. 
The Black Thorn and Crab make very good fences, 
and are to be raifed as the White Thorn ; but if the 
kernels of Apples or Crabs be fown, it is beft to fow 
the pommace with them, and they will come up the 
fooner, i. e. the firft year, if fown in the autumn, foon 
after the fruit is ripe. 
If Crab-ftocks be planted while young, in the fame 
manner as quick, they make excellent hedges foon, 
and fo will fome forts of Plumbs, I mean fuch as 
have thorns. 
The Black Thorn is not accounted fo good for fences 
as the White Thorn, becaufe it is apt to run more 
into the ground, and is not certain as to the growing, 
efpecially if the plants are not fet very young •, but 
then on the other hand, the bulhes are by much the 
better, and are alfo more lafting than the White 
Thorn, or any other, for dead hedges, or to mend 
gaps ; nor are they fubjetft to be crept by cattle, as 
the others are. The richer the mould is, the better 
they will profper, but yet they will grow on the fame 
fort of foil that the White Thorn does. 
The Holly will make an excellent fence, and is pre- 
ferable to all the reft, but is a flow grower; but 
when once it does grow, it makes amends by its 
height, ftrength, and thicknefs. 
It is raifed of young feedling plants or berries, as the 
White Thorn is, and the berries will lie as long in 
the ground before they come up. It delights moft 
in ftrong grounds, but will grow upon the drieft 
gravel, amongft rocks and ftones. 
The berries lie till the fecond fpring before they come 
up, therefore they fhould be prepared before they are 
fown (for this fee the article Aquifoi.ium.) It will 
be beft to fow them in the place where you defign 
they 
