G R E 
plants 5 nor is the trouble of tending upon thefe fmall, 
and the many hazards to which the ufe of thefe fires 
is liable, have juftly brought them into difufe with all 
fkilful perfons; and as the contrivances of flues, and 
of the fires, are but fmall charges in their firft -ere&ing, 
they are much to be preferred to any other method 
for warming the air of the houfe. 
The wall on the back part of the houfe fhould be 
either laid over with ftucco, or plaftered with mortar, 
and white-wafhed, for otherwife the air in fevere froft 
will penetrate through the walls, efpecially when the 
froft is attended with a ftrong wind, which is often 
the cafe in moft fevere winters. There are fome per- 
fons who are at the ‘expence of wainfcotting their 
Green-houfes, but when this is done, it is proper to 
plafter the walls with lime and hair behind the wainf- 
cot, to keep out the cold ; and when they are lined 
with wainfcot, they fhould be painted white, as fhould 
the deling, and every part withinfide of the houfe ; 
for this refleds the rays of light in a much greater 
quantity than any other colour, and is of fignal fer- 
vice to plants, efpecially in the winter, when the houfe 
is pretty much clofed, and but a fmall fhare of light 
is admitted through the windows •, for at fuch times 
I have obferved, that in fome Green-houfes which 
have been painted black, or of a dark colour, the 
plants have caft moft of their leaves. 
Where green-houfes are built in fuch places as will 
not admit of rooms over them, or the perfon is un- 
willing to be at the expence of fuch buildings, there 
muft be care taken to keep out the froft from entering 
through the roof. To prevent which it will be very 
proper to have a thicknefs of Reeds, Heath, or Furz, 
laid between the deling and the tiles •, in the doing 
of which there muft be care taken in framing the 
joifts, fo as to fupport thefe, that their weight may 
not lie upon the ceiling, which might endanger it ; 
for thefe fhould be laid a foot thick at leaft, and as 
fmooth as pofiible, and fattened down well with laths 
to prevent their riling, and then covered over with a 
coat of lime and hair, which will keep out the air, and 
alfo prevent mice and other vermin from harbouring 
in them, which, if left uncovered, they would cer- 
tainly do. For want of this precaution there are many 
Green-houfes built, which will not keep out the froft 
in hard winters, and this is many times attributed to 
the glafles in front admitting the cold, when the fault 
is in the roof-, for where there is only the covering, 
either of tiles or Hates, over the cieling, every fevere 
froft will penetrate through them. 
In this Green-houfe you fhould have trufiels, which 
may be moved out and into the houfe, upon which 
you fhould fix rows of planks, fo as to place the pots 
or tubs of plants in regular rows one above another, 
whereby the heads of the plants may be fo fituated, 
as not to interfere with each other. The loweft row 
of plants, which fhould be the forwardeft towards the 
windows, fhould be placed about four feet therefrom, 
that there may be a convenient breadth left next the 
glafles to walk in front ; and the rows of plants fhould 
rife gradually from the firft, in fuch a manner that the 
heads of the fecond row fhould be entirely advanced 
above the firft, the ftetns only being hid thereby ; 
and at the back fide of the houfe there fnould be al- 
lowed a fpace of at leaft five feet, for the conveniency 
of watering the plants, as alfo to admit of a current 
of air round them, that the damps occafioned by the 
perfpiration of the plants, may be the better diflipated, 
which, by being pent in too clofelv, often occafions 
a mouldinefs upon the tender (hoots and leaves, and 
when the houfe is dole {hut up, this ftagnating rancid 
vapour is often very deftruftive to the plants; for 
which reafon alfo you fhould never croud them too 
dole to each other, nor fhould you ever place Sedums, 
Euphorbiums, Torch Thiftles, and other tender fuc- 
culent plants, amongft Oranges, Myrtles, and other 
Evergreen trees for, by an experiment which I made, 
anno 1729, I found that a Sedum placed in a Green- 
houfe among fuch trees, almoft daily increafed its 
weight, although there was no water given to it the 
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whole time ; which increafe of weight was owing to 
the moifture imbibed from the air, which, being re- 
plete with the rancid vapours perfpired from the other 
plants, occafioned the leaves to grow pale, and in a 
fhort time they decayed and dropped off ; which I 
have often obferved has been the cafe with many other 
fucculent plants, when placed in thofe houfes which 
were filled with many forts of Evergreen trees, that 
required to be frequently watered. 
Therefore, to avoid the inconvenience which attends 
the placing of plants of very different natures in the 
fame houfe, it will be very proper to have two wings 
added to the main Green-houfe, which, if placed in 
the manner exprefled in the annexed plan, will greatly 
add to the beauty of the building, and alfo colled a 
greater fhare of heat. In this plan the Green-houfe is 
placed exadly fronting the fouth, and one of the wings 
faces the fouth-eaft, and the other the fouth- weft ; fo 
that from the time of the fun’s firft appearance upon 
any part of the building, until it goes off at night, it 
is conftantly refieded from one part to the other, and 
the cold winds are alfo kept off from the front of the 
main Green-houfe hereby ; and in the area of this place 
you may contrive to place many of the moft tender 
exotic plants, which will bear to be expofed in the 
fummer feafon.; and in the fpring, before the weather 
will permit you to fet out the plants, the beds and 
borders of this area may be full of Anemonies, Ra- 
nunculufes, early Tulips, &c. which will be paft. 
flowering, and the roots fit to take out of the ground 
by the time you carry out the plants, which will render 
this place very agreeable duringthefpringfeafon, when 
the flowers are blown : and here you may walk and 
divert yourfelf in a fine day, when perhaps the air in 
moft other parts of the garden will be too cold for 
perfons not much ufed thereto, to take pleafure in 
being out of the houfe. 
In the center of this area may be contrived a fmall 
bafon for water, which will be very convenient for 
watering of plants, and add much to the beauty of 
the place ; befides the water being thus fituated, will 
be foftened by the heat which will be refledted from 
the glafles upon it, whereby it will be rendered 
much better tfian raw cold water for thefe tender 
plants. 
The two wings of the building fnould be contrived fo 
as to maintain plants of differing degrees of hardinefs, 
which muft be effedted by the fituation an^l extent of 
the fire-place, and the manner of condu&ing the flues, 
a particular account of which will be exhibited under 
the article of Stoves. But I would here obferve, that 
the wing facing the fouth-eaft fhould always be pre- 
ferred for the warmeft ftove, its fituation being fuch, 
as that the fun, upon its firft appearance in the morn- 
ing, fhines diredtly upon the glafles, which is of great 
fervice in warming the air of the houfe, and adding 
life to the plants, after having been {hut up during 
the long nights in the winter feafon. Thefe wings 
being in the draught annexed, allowed fixty feet in 
length, may be divided in the middle by partitions of 
glals, with glafs- doors to pafs from one to tire other. 
To each of thefe there fhould be a fire-place, with 
flues carried up againft the back wall, through which 
the fmoke fhould be made to pafs, as many times the 
length of the houfe, as the height will admit of the 
number of flues; for the longer the fmoke is in pafling, 
the more heat will be given to the houfe, with a lefs 
quantity of fuel, which is an article worth confidera- 
tion, efpecially where fuel is dear. By this contri- 
vance you may keep fuch plants as require the fame 
degree of heat in one part of the houfe, and thofe 
which will thrive in a much lefs warmth in the other 
part, but this will be more fully explained under the 
article of Stoves. 
The other wing of the houfe, facing the fouth-weft, 
may alfo be divided in the lame manner, and flues 
carried through both parts, which may be ufed ac- 
cording to the feafons, or the particular forts of plants 
which are placed therein; fo that here will be four di~ 
vifions in the wings,, each of which may be kept up 
to 
