GRO 
3. Grossularia (Uva Crifpa) ramis actileatis, ereftis, 
5 baccis glabris. Goofeberry with ereft prickly branches ■, 
and fmooth berries. Groffularia fnnplici acino, vel fpi- 
nofa lylveftris. C. B. P. 455. Goofeberry with a fingle 
fruit , or wild prickly Goofeberry. 
4. Grossularia ( Oxyacanthoia.es ) ramis undique acu- 
leatis. Goofeberry whofe branches are armed on all jtdes 
with pines. Groffularia oxyacanthas foliis amplionbus 
e finu Hudfonis. Pluk. Amalth. 212. Goofeberry with 
larger Hawthorn leaves from Hudfords Bay. 
5. Grossularia ( Cynofbati ) aculeis fubaxillaribus, baccis 
aculeatis racemofis. Goofeberry with fpincs on the lower 
'■ part of the branches , and prickly berries growing in cluf- 
ters. Ribes aculeis fubaxillaribus, baccis aculeatis 
racemofis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 202. Currant with fpines on 
the lower part of the branches , and prickly berries growing 
in bunches. 
The forts which are here enumerated, are fuppofed 
to be diftinff fpecies ; but there are feveral other va- 
rieties which have been obtained from feeds, and are 
propagated for fale in the nurferies ; moft of thefe are 
titled from the perfons who raifed them, as Lamb’s 
Goofeberry, Hunt’s Goofeberry, Edwards’s Goofe- 
berry, &c. and as there are frequently new varieties 
obtained, it is needlefs to enumerate them here, there- 
fore I Ihall proceed to their culture. 
Thefe are propagated either by fuckers taken from 
the old plants, or by cuttings ; the latter of which I 
prefer to the former, becaufe thofe plants which are 
produced from fuckers are always more difpofed to 
ihoot out a greater number of fuckers from their roots, 
than fuch as are raifed from cuttings, which generally 
form much better roots. 
The beft feafon for planting thefe cuttings is in au- 
tumn, juft before their leaves begin to fall ; obferving 
always to take the handl'omeft fhoots, and from fuch 
branches as generally produce the greateft quantity of 
fruit j for if you take thofe which are produced from 
the ftem of the old plants (which are commonly very 
luxuriant) they will not be near fo fruitful as thofe 
taken from bearing branches: thefe cuttings ftiould be 
about fix or eight inches long, and muft be planted 
in a border of light earth,- expofed to the morning 
fun, about three inches deep, obferving to water them 
gently when the weather proves dry, to facilitate 
their taking root ; and in the fummer, when they have 
put out branches, you fhould rub off all the under 
Ihoots, leaving only the uppermoft or ftrongeft, which 
ftiould be trained upright, to form a regular ftem. In 
Oflober following thefe plants may be removed ; at 
which time you ftiould prepare an open fpot of frefli 
earth, which ftiould be well dug, and cleanfed from 
all noxious weeds, roots, &c. and being levelled, you 
fhould proceed to take up your plants, trimming their 
roots, and cutting off all lateral fide branches •, then 
plant them at three feet diftance row from ro w, and 
one foot afunder in the rows, obferving to place fome 
fhort flicks to the plants, in order to train their ftems 
upright and regular. In this place they may remain 
one or two years, being careful to keep them clear 
from weeds, as alfo to trim off all lateral fhoots which 
are produced below the head of the plant, fo that the 
ftem may be clear about a foot in height above the 
furface of the earth, which will be full enough ; and 
as the branches are produced commonly very irregular 
in the head, you muft cut out fuch of them as crofs 
each other, or thin them where they are too clofe, 
whereby the head of the plant will be open, and ca- 
pable of admitting the air freely into the middle, 
which is of great ufe to all kinds of fruits. 
After thefe plants have remained in this nurfery one or 
two years at moft, they will be fit to tranfplant to the 
places where they are defigned to remain for it is not 
fo well to let them grow in the nurferies too large 
which will occafion their roots to be woody, whereby 
the removing of them will not only hazard the growth 
of the plants, but fuch of them as may take very well 
will remain ftin^d for two or three years, before, they 
will be able to recov er their check. T he foil in which thefe 
plants thrive to the greateft advantage, is a rich light 
earth j though they will do very well upon middling 
foils, which are not too ftrong or moift, and in all ft- 
tuations; but where the fruit is cultivated, in order 
to procure it in the greateft perfedlion, they ftiould 
never be planted in the lhade of other trees,- but muft 
have a free open expofure. The diftance they ought 
to be planted is eight feet row from row, and fix feet 
afunder in the rows. The beft feafon for tranfplanting 
them is in October, when their leaves begin to decay , 
obferving, as was before directed, to prune their roots, 
and trim off all lateral fhoots, or fuch as-crofs each 
other, fhortening all long branches, fo as to make the 
head regular. 
In the pruning of thefe fhrubs moft people make ufe 
of garden-fhears, obferving only to cut the head round, 
as is pradtifed for Evergreens, &c. whereby the 
branches become fo much crowded, that what fruit 
is produced, never grows to half the ftze as it would 
do were the branches thinned, and pruned according 
to art ; which ftiould always be done with a priming- 
knife, fhortening the ftrong fhoots to about ten inches, 
and cutting out all thofe which grow irregular, thin- 
ning the fruit-bearing branches where they are too 
thick, obferving always to cut behind 4 leaf bud. With 
this management your fruit will be near twice as large 
as thofe which are produced upon fuch bufhes as are 
not thus pruned, and the fhrubs will continue in vi- 
gour much longer ; but you muft obferve to keep 
the ground clear from weeds, and dig it at leaft once 
a year ; and every other year you fhould beftow a 
little rotten dung upon it, which will greatly improve 
the fruit. 
It is a common pradtice with the gardeners near Lon- 
don, who have great quantities of thefe bufhes In 
order to fupply the markets, to prune them foon after 
Michaelmas, and then to dig up the ground between 
the rows, and plant it with Coleworts for fpring ufe, 
whereby their ground is employed all the winter, with- 
out prejudicing the Goofeberries ; and in hard winters 
thefe Coleworts often efcape, when thofe which are 
planted in an open expofure are all deftroyed ; and 
thefe are generally pulled up for ufe in February or 
March, fo that the ground is clear before the Goofe- 
berries come out in the fpring •, which is a piece of 
hufbandry well worth practifmg where ground is dear, 
or where perfons are confined for room. 
GROVES are the greateft ornaments to a garden, nor 
can a garden be complete which has not one or more 
of thele. In fmall gardens there is fcarce room to ad- 
mit of Groves of any extent, yet in thefe there ftiould 
be at leaft one contrived, which Ihould be as large as 
the ground will allow it and where thefe are fmall, 
there is more Ikill required in the difpofition, to give 
them the appearance of being larger than they really 
are. 
Groves have been in all ages held in great veneration: 
the ancient Romans had a fort of Groves near feveral 
of their temples, which were cqnfecrated to fome God, 
and were called luci by antiphrafis, a non lucendo, 
as being Ihady and dark •, and thefe were dedicated to 
holy ufes, being places of folitude and retirement, and 
were never to be violated with the ax. 
Thefe Groves are not only great ornaments to gar- 
dens, but are alfo the greateft relief againft the violent 
heats of the fun, affording lhade to walk under in the 
hotteft part of the day, when the other parts of the 
garden are ufelefs ; fo that every garden is defective 
which has not lhade. 
Groves are of two forts, viz. open and clofe Groves : 
open Groves are fuch as have large fhady trees, which 
Hand at fuch diftances, as that their branches may ap- 
proach fo near each other, as to prevent the rays of 
the fun from penetrating through them *, but as fuch 
trees are a long time in growing to a proper fize for 
affording a fhade, fo where new Groves are planted, 
the trees muff be placed clofer together, in order to 
have fhade as foon as poftible ; but in planting of thefe 
Groves, it is much the beft way to difpofe all the trees 
irregularly, which will give them a greater magnifi- 
cence, and alfo form a fhade fooner, than when the 
6 L trees 
"254 
