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trees are planted in lines ; for when the fun dimes 
between the rows of trees, as it tnuft do feme part of 
the day in fummer, the walks between them will be 
expofed to the heat at fuch times, until the branches 
of thefe trees meet ; whereas in the irregular, planta- 
tions, the trees intervene, and obftrud the direct rays 
of the fun. 
W hen a perfon who is to lay out a garden, is fo 
happy as to meet with large full grown trees upon the 
fpot, they fhould remain inviolate, if poffible •, for it 
will be better to put up with many inconveniencies, 
than -to deftroy thefe, which will require an age to re- 
trieve ; fo that nothing but that of offending the ha- 
bitation, by being fo near as to occafion great damps 
or obftru&ing fine views, fhould tempt the cutting 
of them down. 
Moft of the Groves which have been planted either 
in England, or in thofe celebrated gardens of France, 
are only a few regular lines of trees ; many of which 
_ are avenues to the habitation, or lead to fonje build- 
ing, or objedfc ; but thefe do not appear fo grand, 
as thofe which have been made in woods where the 
trees have grown accidentally, and at irregular dis- 
tances ; and jvhere the trees have large fpreading 
heads, and afe left at fuch a diftance, as to permit 
the Grafs to grow under them, then they afford the 
greateft pleafure : for nothing is more noble than 
fine fpreading trees with large ftems, growing through 
Grafs, efpecially if the Grafs is well kept, and has a 
good verdure •, befides, moft of thefe planted Groves 
have generally a gravel-walk, made in aftrait line be- 
tween them, which greatly offends the fight of perfons 
who have true tafte : therefore whenever a gravel- 
walk is abfolutely necCffary to be carried through 
thefe Groves, it will be much better to twift it about, 
according as the trees naturally ftand, than to attempt 
regularity ; but dry walks under large trees are not fo 
ufeful as in open places, becaufe the dropping of the 
trees will render thefe walks ufelefs after rain, for a 
confiderable time. 
Clofe Groves have frequently large trees Handing in 
them, but the ground is filled under thefe with fhrubs, 
or under-wood ; fo that the walks which are made in 
them are private, and fereened from winds, whereby 
they are rendered agreeable for walking, at fuch times 
when the air is too violent or cold for walking in the 
more expofed parts of the garden. 
Thefe are often contrived fo as to bound the open 
Groves, and frequently to hide the walls, or other in- 
clofures of the garden ; and when they are properly 
laid out, with dry walks winding through them, and 
on the Tides of thefe fweet-fmelling fhrubs and flowers 
irregularly planted, they have a charming effedl ; for 
here a perfon may walk in private, fheltered from the 
inclemency of cold or violent winds, and enjoy the 
greater fweets of the vegetable kingdom : therefore 
where it can be admitted, if they are continued round 
the whole inclofure of the garden, there will be a much 
greater extent of walk ; and thefe fhrubs will appear 
the belt boundary, when there are not fine profpects 
to be gained. 
Thefe clofe Groves are by the French termed bof- 
quets, from the Italian word bofquetto, which fignifies 
a little wood, and in moft of the French gardens there 
are many of them planted ; but thefe are reduced to 
regular figures, as ovals, triangles, fquares, and ftars ; 
which have neither the beauty or ufe which thofe 
have that are made irregularly, and whole walks are 
not fhut up on each fide by hedges, which prevents 
the eye from feeing the quarters ; and thefe want 
the fragancy of the fhrubs and flowers, which are 
the great delight of thefe private walks : add to this, 
the keeping of the hedges in good order is attended 
with a great expence, which is a capital thing to be 
confidered in the making of gardens. 
' GUAI ABARA. See Coccolobos. 
GUAJACANA. See Diospyros. 
GUAJACUM. Plum. Nov. Gen. 39. tab. 1 7. Lin. 
Gen. Plant. 465. Lignum Vitae, orPockwood. 
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The Characters are, 
The flower hath a concave empalement of one leaf, \ which 
is quinquefid. It hath five oblong , oval, concave petals, 
which are inferted in the. empalement and fpread open , and 
ten erebl ftamina inferted in the empalement , terminated by 
[mall fummits. The ftyle is long and fender the ger- 
men is oval and pointed , and the fiigma is Jingle and 
fender. The germen afterward becomes a berry which is 
roundijh , with an oblique point, and deeply furrowed, in- 
cloftng an oval hard feed. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fection of 
Linnaeus s tenth clafs, mtitled Decandna Ivlonogynla, 
which includes thofe plants whofe flowers have ten 
ftamina and one ftyle. 
The Species are, 
1. Guajacum ( Officinale ) foliolis bijugatis obtufis. Lin. 
Sp. Plant. 381. Guajacum with obtufie lobes placed by 
pairs. Guajacum flore casruleo, frudu fubrotundo. 
Plum. Nov. Gen. 391. Guajacum with a blue flower 
and a roundijh fruit. 
2. Guajacum ( Sanffum ) foliolis multijugatis obtufis, Lin. 
Sp. Plant. 382. Guajacum with many pair of obtufe 
< lobes. Guajacum flore cseruleo fimbriato, frudu te- 
tragono. Plum. Nov. Gen. 391. Guajacum with a blue 
fringed flower , and a four-cornered fruit. 
3. Guajacum (. Afrum ) foliolis multijugatis obtufis. Lin. 
Sp. Plant. 382. Guajacum with many pair of acute- 
pointed lobes. Guilandinoides. Hort. Cliff. 489. and 
the Afra arbor acacias fimilis, foliis myrti aculeatis 
fplendentibus. Boerh. Ind. alt. 2. p. 57. African-tree 
like the Acacia, with fhining, acute-pointed. Myrtle leaves. 
The firft fort is the common Lignum Vitae, or Gua- 
jacum, which is ufed in medicine, and grows naturally 
in moft of the iflands in the Weft-Indies, where it rifes 
to be a very large tree, having a hard, brittle, brown- 
ifh bark, not very thick ; the wood is firm, folid, and 
ponderous, appearing very refinous, of a blackifh yel- 
low colour within, and of a hot aromatic tafte ; the 
fmaller branches have an Afh-coloured bark, gar- 
nifhed with leaves, which are divided by pairs, each 
pair having two pair of fmall, oval, 'blunt leaves 
(or pinnae) of a ftiff confiftence, and a lucid green ; 
the flowers are produced in clufters at the end of the 
branches, compofed of five oval concave petals, of 
a fine blue colour ; in the center of thefe is fixed a 
ftyle with an oval germen, crowned by a flender ftig- 
ma ; and round this is fituated from ten to twenty 
ftamina, which are as long as the ftyle, terminated by 
fickle-fhaped fummits. Dr. Linnaeus fuppofes the 
flowers to have but ten ftamina, whereas they cer- 
tainly have near twenty. 
The bark and wood of this tree are much of the fame 
nature, only the wood is accounted hotter ; they are 
ufed in diet-drinks to purify and cleanfe the blood, 
and to caufe fweating ; they are efteemed good for the 
gout and dropfy, the king’s-evil, and particularly 
tor the French pox. The gum or refin, which is black, 
fhining, and brittle, and when powdered, of a green- 
ifh white colour, of an aromatic fmell, and poignant 
tafte, is fomewhat cathartic, and a good purge in 
rheumatic cafes, to the quantity of two fcruples 
mixed with the yolk of an egg, and given in a con- 
venient vehicle. 
The wood of this tree is fo hard as to break the tools 
in felling them, fo they are feldom cut down for 
fire- wood, being difficult to burn ; but the wood is of 
great ufe to the fugar-planters, for making of wheels 
and cogs for the fugar-mills, &c. It is aifo frequently 
brought to Europe, and wrought into bowls, and other 
utenfils are made of the wood. 
This tree can only be propagated by feeds, which 
muft be procured from the countries where it naturally 
grows ; thefe muft be freih, otherwife they will not 
grow ■, when they arrive, they fhould be fown in pots 
filled with light earth, and plunged into a good hot- 
bed : if the feeds are good, and the bed -in which they 
are plunged is of a proper temperature of heat, the 
plants will appear infix weeks or two months after; and 
in fix weeks will grow to be of ftrength enough more 
for 
