EE 
BED 
Into the joints of the walls, whereby they are fup- 
ported. 
This may be propagated by cuttings, which if planted 
in autumn on a fhady border, will take root, and by 
the following autumn will be fit to plant where they 
are defigned to remain. 
ED ERA TERRESTRIS. See Glechoma. 
EDGES. Hedges are either planted to make 
fences round inclolures, or to part off and divide the 
feveral parts of a garden : when they are defigned as 
outward fences, they are planted either with Haw- 
thorn, Crabs, or Black Thorn, which is the Sloe •, 
but thofe Hedges which are planted in gardens, either 
to furround wildernefs quarters, or to fcreen the 
other parts of a garden from fight, are planted with 
various forts of plants, according to the fancy of the 
owner j feme preferring ever-green Hedges, in which 
cafe the Holly is belt, next the Yew, then Laurel, 
Lauruftinus, Phillyrea, &c. others, who make choice 
of the deciduous plants, prefer the Beach and Horn- 
beam, Englifh Elm, or the Alder, to any other ; I 
In all firft treat of thofe Hedges which are planted for 
outfide fences, and afterward briefly touch on the 
other. 
Thefe Hedges are moft commonly made of Quick, 
yet it will be proper, before planting, to confider the 
nature of the land, and what forts of plants will 
thrive beft in that foil, whether it be clay, gravel, 
fand,&c. likewife what thefoil is from whence the plants 
are to be taken •, for if the land they are taken from 
is much better than that in which they are to be planted, 
it will be more difficult to get them to grow. As for 
the fize, the fets ought to be about the bignefs of a 
goofe quill, and cut within about four or five inches 
of the ground ; they ffiould be frefh taken up, ftrait, 
fmooth, and well rooted. Thofe plants which are 
raifed in the nurfery, are to be preferred to all 
others, and if raifed on a fpot near the place, it will 
be beft. 
Secondly, If the Hedge has a ditch, it fhould be 
made fix feet wide at top, and one foot and a half at 
bottom, and three feet deep, that each fide may have 
a proper Hope j for when the banks are made too up- 
right, they are very fubjed to fall down after every 
froft or hard rain ; befides, if the ditches are made 
narrower, they are foon choked up in autumn by the 
falling leaves, and the growth of weeds, nor are they 
a fufficient fence, to the Hedge againft cattle, where 
they are narrower. 
Thirdly, If the bank be without a ditch, the fets 
Ihould be fet in two rows, almoft perpendicular, at 
the diftance of a foot from each other, in the quin- 
cunx order, fo that in effed they will be but fix inches 
afunder. 
Fourthly, The turf is to be laid with the Grafs fide 
downwards, on that fide of the ditch the bank is de- 
figned to be made, and forne of the beft mould 
ihould be laid upon it, to bed the Quick ; then the 
Quick is to be planted upon it a foot afunder, fo 
that the ends of the Quick may ftand upright. 
Fifthly, When the firft row of Quick is planted, it 
rnuft be covered with mould, and the turf laid upon 
it as before j fo that when the bank is a foot high, 
you may plant another row of fets againft the fpaces 
of the lower Quick, and cover them as the former 
was done *, and the bank is to be topped with the bot- 
tom of the ditch, and a dry, or dead Hedge laid on 
the other fide, to defend the under plantation from the 
cattle. 
In making of thefe dead Hedges, there fhould be 
flakes driven into the loofe earth, at about two feet 
and a half diftance, fo low as to reach the firm 
ground. 
Oak flakes are accounted the beft, and Black Thorn 
and Sallow the next j then let the frnall bufhes be 
laid at bottom, but not too thick, for that will caufe 
the bufhes to rot •, but the upper part of the Hedge 
fhould be laid with long bufhes to bind the flakes 
in with, by interweaving them. 
And, in order to render the Hedge yet ftronger, you 
H E D 
may edder it (as it is called,) i. e. bind the top of the 
flakes in with fome frnall long poles, or flicks on each, 
fide*, and when the eddering is finiilied, drive the flakes 
anew, becaufe the waving of the Hedge and eddering 
is apt to loofen the flakes. 
The Quick muft be confrantly kept weeded, and fe~ 
fcured from being cropped by the cattle, and in Fe~ 
bruary it will be proper to cut it within an inch of the 
ground, if it was not done before which will caufe it 
to fhoot ftrong, and help it much in the growth. 
When a Fledge is of about eight or nine years growth, 
it will be proper to plafli it , the beft time for this 
work is either in Oflober or February. 
When a Hedge is grown old, i. e. of about twenty or 
thirty years growth, and there are in it old Hubs as 
well as new fhoots, the old ftubs fhould be cut dop- 
ing off within two or three inches of the ground, and 
the beft and longeft of the middle fize fhould be left to 
lay down •, and fome of the ftrongeft, at the height of 
five or fix feet, according as you defign the height of 
the Hedge to be 6 may be left to ferve inftead of flakes, 
and frefh flakes fhould be put in thofe places where they 
are wanting-, the Hedge fhould be then thinned, fo as 
to leave on the ftubs only fuch fhoots as are defigned 
to be of ufe, that there may be room left to put a 
fpade in between them ; the ditch alfo fhould be 
cleanfed, and each fide of the Hopes kept as in a new 
ditch ; and where the earth is wafhed from the roots 
of the Quick, or is hollow, face it anew with fo much 
of the firft fpit of earth that is dug out of the ditch, as 
there is occafion for, and lay what is dug out at the 
fecond fpit, on the top of the bank ■, for if it be kid 
on the fide, or face of the bank, it will flip into the 
ditch again when wet comes, and alfo take a great 
deal of the bank along with it. 
In plafhing Quicks, there are two extremes to be 
avoided the firft is, laying it too low and too thick ; 
becaufe it makes the fap run all into the fhoots, and 
leaves the plafhes without nourifhment, which, with 
the thicknefs of the Hedge, kills them. 
Secondly, It muft not be laid too high, becaufe this 
draws all the fap into the plafhes, and fo caufes but 
frnall fhoots at the bottom, and makes the Hedge fo 
thin, that it will neither hinder the cattle from going 
through, nor from cropping of it. 
When the fhoot that is defigned to be plafhed is bent, 
give it a frnall cut with a bill, half through. Hoping a 
little downwards, and then weave it about the flakes j 
and when the whole is finifhed, trim off the frnall fu- 
perfluous branches that ftraggle too far out on both 
fides of the Hedge. 
If the ftubs are very old, cut them quite down, and 
fecure them with good dead Hedges on both fides, till 
the young fhoots are got up tall enough to piafh, and 
plant new fets in the void fpaces. 
In making a Hedge, if it be fet with Crab Stocks, 
it will be proper to leave one {landing uncut up at 
every thirty or forty feet, if the ground on both 
fides of the Hedge be your own ; which being done, 
they may be fo ordered, by pruning or flaking, that 
one may lean into one ground, and the other into ano- 
ther, &c. 
Thefe flocks fhould be pruned up every year, till they 
are brought out of the reach of the cattle, and then 
they may be grafted with the Red Streak, Gennet- 
moil, or what other kind of cyder Apple you 
pleafe. 
If the flocks be of Apple kernels, they may ftand un- 
grafted, for many of them will yield very good cyder 
fruit ; but then fuch flocks as are not grafted, will be 
longer before they bear ; and alfo when you do graft, 
you may be certain of your kind but if you find a 
very natural flock, which by leaf, fhoot, and bud, 
appears likely, you may try it, and fo you may have 
a new fine fruit ; and if you do not like it, you may 
graft it when you pleafe. 
As for the reft of the Hedge, when it has fhot four 
or five years, you may lay it to make a fence 
for the doing of which, take the following direc- 
tions : 
3 
Firft 
5 > 
