H E L 
deep Into four or five fegments 5 thefe appear In Au- 
guft, and there Is a fucceffion of flowers on the plants 
till the froft puts a ftop to them. 
The fecond fort hath the appearance of the fir ft, but 
the leaves are not three inches long, and are more 
than an inch broad in the middle, ending in acute 
points, and are fharply fa wed on their edges. The 
flowers ftand upon fhorter foot-ftalks, growing clofer 
together, for the ftalks of this do not branch near fo 
much as thole of the other ; they both flower at the 
fame feafon. 
There is alfo another fort with leaves as narrow as the 
firft, which are acutely indented on the edges. The 
ftalks branch at the top fomewhat like thofe of the 
firft, but the middle flowers have much Ihorter foot- 
ftalks than thofe which branch on the fide, and 
are garnifhed with fmall leaves, almoft to the top •, 
but I am not certain if this is a diftind fpecies, 
or only a variety which has accidentally rifen from 
the feeds of the other. 
Thefe plants are both of them natives of America ; 
the feeds of both forts I have received from Virginia 
and New England, where they grow wild in great 
plenty in the woods, and other fhady places where 
the ground is moift. They may be propagated by 
feeds, or by parting their roots ; but the latter is ge- 
nerally pradifed in this country, becaufe they feldom 
perfed their feeds here •, but if the feeds are procured 
from abroad, they fhould be fown the beginning of 
March on a border of light earth and if the feeds 
fhould not come up the firft: year, the ground fhould 
not be difturbed, becaufe they often remain a whole 
year in the ground before the plants come up •, in which 
cafe there is nothing more to be done, but to keep 
the ground clear from weeds, and wait until the plants 
rife. When they appear, if the feafon proves 
dry, they muft be often watered, which v/ill greatly 
forward their growth ; and where the plants come up 
too clofe to each other, they fhould be thinned, and 
tranfplanted out into beds' a foot afunder every way, 
being careful to fhade them until they have taken 
root, as alfo to water them in dry weather. In au- 
tumn they may be tranfplanted where they are to 
remain, and the following fummer they will pro- 
duce their flowers, which will continue till the froft 
prevents them-, and their roots will abide many years, 
and afford many offsets, by which they may be in- 
treafed. 
The beft feafon to tranfplant the old roots, and to 
part them forincreafe, is in the end of Odober, when 
their flowers are pafc, or the beginning of March, juft 
before they begin.to fnoot but if the fpring fhould 
prove dry, they muft be duly watered, otherwife they 
will not produce many flowers the fame year ; thefe 
plants fhould not be removed oftener than every other 
year, if they are expeded to flower ftrong ; they de- 
light in a foil rather moift than dry, provided it be 
not too ftrong, or holds the wet in winter ; but if 
they are planted in a dry foil, they muft be often and 
plentifully v/atered in dry weather, to make them 
produce plenty of flowers. 
HELENIUM, Elecampane. See Inula. 
H EL I ANT HEM UM. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 248. 
tab. 128. Ciftus. Lin. Gen. Plant. 598. Dwarf Ciftus, 
or Sun-flower. 
The Characters are, 
The flower has a three-leaved empalement , which is per- 
manent , which afterward covers the feed-vejfel. It hath 
five roilndijh petals which flpread open , with ad great 
number of erebl ftamina , which are terminated by fmall 
roundifh fummits. In the center is fituated an ovalger- 
me t n, fupporimg a Jingle, ftyle the length of the ftamina , 
crowned by an obtufe ftigma. 'The germen afterward 
becomes a roundifh , or oval capfule , With three cells , 
opening in three parts, filled with fmall roundifh feeduS. 
This genus of plants is joined by Dr. Linnteus to 
that of Ciftus, and is ranged in the firft fedion of his 
thirteenth clafs, which includes thofe plants whofe 
flowers have many ftamina and one ftyle. As the 
empalement of the flower has but three leaves, and 
H E L 
thofe of Ciftus five, and the capfule of the Hdian- 
themum has but three cells, and that of Ciftus five, 
fo thefe charaders are fufficient to admit of their be- 
ing feparated into different genera ; and as there are 
a great number of fpecies of both forts, fo by this 
reparation they may be better afcertained. 
The Species are, 
1. Helianthemum [Champ ciftus) caulibus procumben- 
tibus fuffruticofis, foliis oblongis fubpilofis, flipulis 
lanceolatis. Dwarf Ciftus with trailing fhrubby ftalks , 
oblong hairy leaves , and ftp ear -fh aped -ftipule. Helian- 
themum vulgare flore liiteo. J. B. 2. 15. Common 
Dwarf Ciftus with a yellow flower. 
2. Helianthemum ( Germanicum ) caulibus procumben- 
tibus fuftruticofis, ramofiffimis, fpicis florum longi- 
oribus. Dwarf Ciftus with trailing fhrubby ftalks 
full of branches , and longer fpikes to the flowers. Hell- ' 
anthcmum album Germanicum. Tab. Icon. 1062. 
JVhite German Dwarf Ciftus. 
3. Helianthemum ( Pilcfus ) caulibus fuftruticofis pile- 
fis foliis lanceolatis obtufis, fpicis reflexis. Dwarf 
Ciftus with hairy fhrubby ftalks , blunt ftp ear -fo aped leaves, 
and reflexed fpikes of flowers. Helianthemum foliis 
majoribus, flore albo. J. B. 2. 16. Dwarf Ciftus with 
larger leaves and a white flower. 
4. Helianthemum ( Apenninum ) incanum, caulibus 
fuftruticofis eredis, foliis lanceolatis hirfutis. Hoary 
Dwarf Ciftus with ere It fhrubby ftalks , and hairy fpear- 
Jhaped leaves. Helianthemum faxatile, foliis & cau- 
libus incanis, floribus albis, Appenini montis. 
Mentz. Pug. tab. 8. Rock Dwarf Ciftus of the Apen- 
nines . , with hoary ftalks and leaves , and white flowers. 
5. Helianthemum ( Umbellatum ) caule procumbente 
non ramofo, foliis linearibus incanis oppofltis. Dwarf 
Ciftus with an unbranched trailing folk , and narrow 
hoary leaves placed oppojite. Helianthemum folio thy- 
mi incano. J. B. 2. 19. Dwarf Ciftus with a hairy 
Thyme leaf. 
6. Helianthemum ( Fumana ) caule fuffruticofo pro- 
cumbente, foliis linearibus alternis, floribus auricu- 
latis. Dwarf Ciftus with a fhrubby trailing ftalk , very 
narrow leaves placed alternate , and auriculated flowers. 
Helianthemum tenuifolium glabrum luteo flore, per 
humum fparfum. J. B. 2. 18. Smooth narrow-leaved 
Dwarf Ciftus , with a yellow flower and trailing ftalks. 
7. Helianthemum ( Sampfuchifolium ) caule fuffruticofo 
procumbente, foliis lanceolatis oppofltis, pedunculis 
longioribus, calycibus hirfutis. Dwarf Ciftus with a 
fhrubby trailing ftalk , fpear-Jhaped leaves placed oppojite, 
longer foot-ftalks to the flowers , and hairy empalements. 
Helianthemum five Ciftus humilis, folio fampfuchi, 
capitulis valde hirfutis. J. B. 2. 20. Dwarf Ciftus 
with a Marjoram leaf , and very hairy heads. 
8. Helianthemum ( Serpillifolium ) caule fuffruticofo 
procumbente, foliis linearibus oppofltis, floribus um- 
bellatis. Dwarf Ciftus with a fhrubby trailing ftalk , 
very narrow leaves placed oppojite, and flowers growing 
in an umbel. Helianthemum folio thymi floribus um- 
bellatis. Tourn. Inft. 250. Dzvarf Ciftus with a Thyme 
leaf and umbellated flowers. 
9. Helianthemum ( Ctftifolium ) caulibus procumben- 
tibus fuftruticofis glabris, foliis ovato lanceolatis op- 
pofltis, pedunculis longioribus. Dwarf Ciftus with 
Jhrubby trailing ftalks which are fmooth, oval fpear- 
Jhaped leaves placed oppojite, and longer foot-ftalks to the 
flowers. Helianthemum Germanicum luteum Cifti 
folio. Boerh. Tellow German Dwarf Ciftus with a Rock 
Rofte leaf. 
10. Helianthemum [Tuber arid) caule lignofo perenne, 
foliis radicalibus ovatis trinerviis tomentofis caulinis 
’ glabris lanceolatis alternis. Perennial Dwarf Ciftus 
with a woody ftalk , whofe lower leaves are oval, woolly, 
with three veins , thofe on the ftalks fmooth , fpear-Jhaped, 
and placed alternate. Helianthemum plantaginis folio 
perenne. Tourn. Inft. 250. Perennial Dwarf Ciftus 
with a Plantain leaf. 
11. Helianthemum [P olifolium) caulibus feffilibus fuf- 
fruticofis, foliis lanceolatis oppofltis tomentofis caule 
florali racemofo. Dwarf Ciftus with very fteort jhrubby 
ftalks , woolly fpear-Jhaped leaves placed oppojite, and a 
branching 
