J-I E P 
This is a plant which is feldom propagated in gar- 
dens, therefore I (ball not trouble the reader with any 
account of it more than this-. That whoever hath a 
mind to cultivate any of the forts, muft procure the 
plants from the countries where they naturally grow 
there are two forts which are natives of the warmer 
parts of Europe, but in America there is a great num- 
ber of very different kinds ; thde muft be planted in 
pots filled with loamy undunged earth, and fuch of 
them as are natives of hot countries, muft be placed 
in the ftove , the others may be fheltered under a com- 
mon frame in winter, and during the fummer they 
muft be frequently watered, but in winter they will 
require but little. In fummer they lliould alfo have 
plenty of free air admitted to them ; with this ma- 
nagement the plants will thrive. 
HEPATIC A. Boerh. Ind. Plant. Ranunculus. 
Tourn. Inft. R. H. 286. Anemone. Lin. Gen. 
Plant. 614. ['HTrarm?, of Yl? rap, the liver, fo called, 
becaufe the leaves of this plant are divided into lobes, 
like the liver (but it does not at all take its name from 
its ufe, for it is of no virtue againft the difeafes of the 
liver, as many have erroneouily imagined •,) and trifo- 
lia, from its fimilitude thereto.] Hepatica, or Noble 
Liverwort. 
The Characters are, 
1 The flower hath a three-leaved empalement. It hath 
fix petals , which are oval , and expand to the bottom , 
with a great number of fender ftamina foorter than the 
petals , terminated by obtufe fummits and fever al germen 
collefied into a head., fupporting acuminated fyles , crowned 
by obtufe fiigmas. The germen afterward turns to acumi- 
nated feeds fitting round the fyles. 
This genus of plants is by Tournefort ranged among 
the Crowfoots, and by Linnaeus it is placed under 
Anemone ; but as the flowers of Anemone have no 
empalement, and the Hepatica hath a three-leaved 
one, it may be feparated from that genus ; and as it 
is well known in the gardens by this title, fo fhould 
we range it with the Anemone, it might occafion con- 
fufionv This is ranged in the feventh fe&ion of Lin- 
naeus’s thirteenth dais, which includes the herbs with 
flowers having many ftamina and ftyles. 
The Varieties of this plant are, 
1. Hepatica ( Nobilis ) trifolio, coeruleo flore. Cluf. The 
fngle blue Hepatica , or Noble Liverwort. 
2. He'patica {Plena) trifolia coeruleo pleno. Cluf. The 
double blue Hepatica , or Noble Liverwort. 
3. Hepatica {Alba) trifolia, flore alba fimplici. Boerh. 
Ind. The fngle white Hepatica , or Noble Liverwort. 
4. LIepatica {Vulgaris) trifolia, rubro flore. Cluf. Single 
red LIepatica , or Noble Liverwort. 
5. Hepatica {Rubra) trifolia, flore rubro ple- 
no. Boerh. Ind. Double red , or Peach-coloured Hepa- 
tica. 
Thefe plants are fome of the greateft beauties of 
the fpring ; the flowers are produced in February and 
March in great plenty, before the green leaves appear, 
and make a very beautif ul figure m the borders of the 
pleafure-garden, efpecially the double forts, which 
commonly continue a fortnight long in flower than 
the Angle kinds, and the flowers are much fairer. . I 
have feen the double white kind often mentioned in 
books, but could never fee it growing, though I do 
not know but fuch a flower might be obtained from 
feeds of the Angle white, or blue kinds. I have 
fometimes known the double blue fort produce fome 
flowers in autumn, which were inclining to white, 
and thereby fome people have been deceived, who 
have procured the roots at that feafon, and planted 
them in their gardens but the fpring following 
their flowers were blue, as before ; and this is what 
frequently happens, when the autumn is fo mild as to 
caule them to flower •, but whether the double white 
fort, mentioned in the books, was only this acciden- 
tal alteration in the colour of the flower, I cannot 
fay, though it feems very probable it was, fince I ne- 
ver could hear of any perfon who ever faw 'the dou- 
ble white fort flower in the fpring. 
The Angle forts produce feeds every year, whereby 
HER 
they are eafily propagated, and alfo new flowers hiay 
be that way obtained. The beft feafon for fowing of 
the feeds is in the beginning of Auguft, either in pots 
or boxes of light earth, which fhould be placed fo as 
to have only the morning fun until October, when 
they fhould be removed into the full fun, to remain 
during the winter feafon ; but in March, when the 
young plants will begin to appear, they muft be re- 
moved again to a fhady fituation, and in dry weather 
fhould be frequently watered, and about the begin- 
ning of Auguft they will be fit to be tranfplanted j at 
which time you fhould prepare a border facing the 
eaft, of good, frefh, loamy earth, into which you 
fhould remove the plants, placing them about fix 
inches diftance each way, clofing the earth pretty 
faft to their roots, to prevent the worms from draw- 
ing them out of the ground, which they are very 
apt to do at that feafon ; and, in the fpring follow- 
ing, they will begin to fhew their flowers ; but it will 
be three years before they flower ftrong, and till then 
you cannot judge of their goodnefs ; when, if you 
find any double flowers, or any of a different colour 
from the common forts, they fhould be taken up, 
and tranfplanted into the borders of the flower-garden, 
where they fhould continue at leaf! two years before 
they are taken up or parted ; for it is remarkable 
in this plant, that where they are often removed and 
parted, they are very fubjedt to die ; whereas, when 
they are permitted to remain undifturbed for many 
years, they will thrive exceedingly, and become very 
large roots. 
The double flowers, which never produce feeds, are 
propagated by parting their roots, which fhould be 
done in March, at the time when they are in flower; 
but you fhould be careful not to feparate them into 
very fmall heads, nor fhould they be parted oftener 
than every third or fourth year, if you intend to have 
them thrive, for the reafon before given. They de- 
light in a ftrong loamy foil, and in an eaftern pofi- 
tion, where they may have only the morning fun, 
though they will grow in almoft any afpedt, not too 
warm, and are never injured by cold. 
HEPATORIUM. See Eupatorium. 
HEPTAPHYLLUM. See Potentjlla. 
HE RAC LEU M. Lin. Gen. 345. Sphondylium, 
Tourn. Inft. 1. Cow Parfnep. 
The Characters are, 
The calyx of the greater umbel is large , compofed of many 
/mailer, which are plain ; the general involucrum is com- 
pofed of many leaves which fall off ; the partial umbels 
have invclucrums of three to j even leaves , the outer being 
the longefi. The general umbel is deformed , the forets are 
mo fly fruitful ; thofe of the dijk have five equal petals , 
which are inflexed ; thofe of the rays have the fame num- 
ber cf unequal petals , the outer being the large ft ; they 
have each five ftamina longer than the petals , terminated 
by fmall fummits. The germen is fituated under the 
flower , and is almoft oval , fupporting two fyles , crowned 
by fmple fiigmas. The germen afterward becomes an ellip- 
tical fruit , compofed of two oval compreffed feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond order 
of Linnaeus’s fifth clafs, intided Pentandria Digynia, 
the flowers having five ftamina and two ftyles. 
The Species are, 
1. Heracleum ( Sphondylium ) foliolis pinnatiftdis. Hort. 
Cliff. 103. Cow Parfnep with wing-pointed leaves , 
Sphondylium vulgare hirfutum. C. B. P. 157. Com- 
mon Cow Parfnep. 
2. Heracleum ( Panaces ) foliis pinnatis, foliolis quinis, 
intermediis fefiilibus, floribus radiatis. Hort. Upfal. 65. 
Cow Parfnep with winged leaves having five lobes , and 
radiated flowers. Panax Sphondylii folio, fc. Hera- 
racleum, C. B. P. 157. 
3. Heracleum {Alpinum) foliis fimplicibus, floribus 
radiatis. Lin. Sp. 359. Cow Parfnep with fmple leaves 
and radiated flowers. Sphondylium Alpinum glabrum. 
C. B. P. 1 57. Smooth Alpine Cow Parfnep. 
4.. Heracleum {Sibricum) foliis pinnatis, folioliis qui- 
nis, intermediis feffiiibus, corollulis uniformibus. Hort. 
Upfal. 65. Cow Parfnep with winged haves, having five 
lobes 
