I 
' H I L 
6. Hieracium njmlellatum) foliis , linearibtis fubden- 
tatis fparfis, floribus fubumbellatis. Flor. Lapp. 287. 
Hawkweed with linear indented leaves placed thinly, and 
flowers almoft in an umbel Hieracium fruticofum, an- 
guftifllmo incano folio. H. L. 316. 
The firft fort grows naturally in Syria ; this fends out 
from the root many oblong oval leaves, which are 
entire and hairy ; from between the leaves arife a 
Angle ftalk, little more than a foot high, cover- 
ed ^with hairs j the flowers are produced in a co- 
rynabus at the top ; they are of a dark red colour, 
compofed of many florets, which are fucceeded by 
oblong black feeds, crowned with a white down, 
which, when ripe, by the elafticity of the down, is 
drawn out of the empalement, and by the firft ftrong 
gale of wind, are wafted to a confiderable diftance. 
The flowers appear the beginning of June, and 
the feeds ripen in about five or fix weeks after, but 
there is frequently a fucceffion of flowers till the au- 
tumn. 
It is propagated by feeds, which fhould be fown on 
an eaft afpebted border in March ; and when the 
plants come up, they muft be kept clean from weeds, 
till they are ftrong enough to remove, which will be 
by the beginning of June ; then they fhould be tranf- 
planted to a fhady border of undunged ground, at fix 
inches diftance, obferving to water them if the wea- 
ther fhould prove dry, till they have taken new root ; 
after which, if they are kept clean from weeds, they 
will require no other culture : in the autumn they 
fhould be tranfplanted where they are defigned to re- 
main-, the following fummer they will flower and 
produce ripe feeds, and the roots will continue fome 
years, if they are not planted in a rich moift foil, 
which frequently occafions their rotting in winter. 
The fecond fort grows naturally on the Pyrenean 
mountains. It is a perennial plant, whofe lower leaves 
are oval, indented, and of a grayifh colour j thofe on 
the ftalks are fm after, but of the fame fhape and co- 
lour, and half embrace the ftalks with their bafe ; the 
flalks rife a foot high, branching out in feveral divi- 
fions, each being terminated by one yellow flower. 
This is propagated by feeds as the flrft: fort. 
The third fort grows on the Pyrenees ; this hath a 
perennial root, which fends up feveral eredt ftalks, 
garnilhed with fpear-fhaped leaves which are in- 
dented •, the flowers are produced from the wings of 
the ftalks, upon fhort foot-ftalks, each fuftaining one 
large yellow flower, having a loofe empalement ; this 
flowers in June-, it is propagated by parting of the 
roots in autumn, and will thrive in any fituation. 
The fourth fort rifes with a branching ftalk a foot 
and a half high, garnilhed with heart-fhaped leaves 
which are indented at their bafe, where they embrace 
the ftalks > each divifion of the branches terminate 
in a hairy foot-ftalk, fuftaining one large yellow 
flower, which appears in June, and the feeds ripen 
in the end of July. This is a perennial plant, which 
is propagated by feeds asrhe firft fort, and requires the 
fame treatment. 
The fifth fort grows naturally in Savoy ; the root of 
this is perennial, fending up feveral ereeft ftalks near 
two feet high, garnilhed with fhort, fpear-fhaped, in- 
dented leaves, half embracing the ftalk with their 
bafe ; the flowers are pretty large, of a deep yellow 
colour, terminating the ftalks ; it flowers in July. 
The fixth fort grows naturally in Holland ; it is a 
perennial plant, rifing with three or four flender ftalks, 
garnilhed with hoary linear leaves, and terminated by 
yellow flowers. This rarely produces feeds in Eng- 
land, fo is propagated by parting of the roots in au- 
tumn : but the fifth may be propagated either in the 
fame manner, or from feeds as the firft fort, as it pro- 
duces plenty of feeds here. 
MILLS have many ufes, of which I fhall only men- 
tion three or four. 
1 ft, They ferve as fereens, to keep off the cold and 
nipping blafts of the northern and eaftern winds. 
2dly, The long ridges and chains of lofty mountains, 
H I P 
being generally found £0 run from eaft to weft, ferve t# 
flop the evagation of thofe vapours toward the poles, 
without which they would all run from the hot courri 
tries, and leave them deftitute of rain. 
3dly, They cohdenfe thofe vapours, like alembic 
heads into clouds -, and fo by a kind of external 'diftil- 
lation, give origin to fprings and rivers and by 
amaffing, cooling, and conftipating them, turn them 
into rain, and by that means render the fervid re- 
gions of the torrid zone habitable. 
4thly, They ferve for the production of a great num- 
ber of vegetables and minerals, which are not found 
in other places. 
It hath been found by experience and calculation, 
that Hills, though they meafure twice as much as the 
plain ground they ftand upon, yet the produce of the 
one can be no more than the other *, and therefore, in 
purchafing land, the Hills ought not to be bought for 
more than their fuperficial meafure, i. e. to pay no 
more for two acres upon the fide of a Elill, than for 
one upon the plain, if the foil be equally rich. 
It is true, that thofe lands that are hilly and moun- 
tainous, are very different as to their valuable con- 
tents, from what are found in flat and plain ground, 
whether they be planted, fown, or built upon, as for 
example : 
Suppofe a Hill contains four equal fides, which meet 
in a point at top ; yet the contents of theft four fides 
can produce no more grain, or bear no more trees, 
than the plain ground on which the Hill ftands, or 
than the bafe of it ; and yet by the meafure of the 
fides, there may be double the number of acres, rods, 
and poles, which they meafure on the bafe or ground- 
plot. 
For as long as 11 plants preferve their bpright me- 
thod of growing, hilly ground can bear no more plan m 
in number than the plain at the bafe. 
Again, as to buildings on a H’k, the two fides of a 
Hill will bear r.o more than the fame number of 
houfes that can ftand in the line at the bafe. 
And as to rails, or park pafimg over a Hill, though, 
the meafure be near double over the Hjll to the line at 
the bottom, yet both may be incioied by thd fartie 
number of pales of the fame breadth. 
HIPPOCASTANUM. See Esculus; 
HIPPOCRATEA. Lin. Gen. Plant. . 54. Cda,’ 
Plum. Nov. Gen. 8. tab. 35. 
The Characters are. 
It hath a large, fpreading empalement of one leaf , cut at 
the top into five figments ■, the flower hath five oval pe- 
tals, which are indented at the points. It hath three 
awl-Jhaped fiamina, terminated by broad fummits , and 
an oval germen fituated below the petal, with a jlyle 
the length of the ftamina, crowned by an obtufi fligm a. 
■The germen afterward becomes a heart-fhaped cap fide 
winged at the top , inclofmg five feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the flrft feftion of 
Linnaeus’s third clafs, intitled Triandria Moncgynia, 
the flowers having three ftamina and one ftyle. , 
We have but one Species of this genus, viz., 
Hippocratea ( Volubilis .) Lin. Sp, 50. Plum. Gen. 8. 
Hippocratea with a triple roundifio fruit and a twining 
ftalk. Coa fcandens, frutftu trigemino fubrotundo. 
Plum. Nov. Gen. 8. Climbing Coa with a triple roundifh 
fruit. 
The feeds of this plant were fent me from Campeachy 
by Mr. Robert Millar, and feveral of the plants were 
railed in England, which continued two years in fe- 
veral gardens, but not one of them lived to flower ; 
they grew to the height of eight or ten feet, twining 
round flakes, but their ftalks were very flender, and 
decayed at the bottom, probably from their having 
too much wet. 
It is a very tender plant, fo muft be conftantly kept 
in the bark-bed in the ftove, and fhould have but lit- 
tle wet in winter. 
HIPPOCREPIS. Lin. Gen. Plant. 791. Fer- 
rum equintim. Tourn. Inft. 400. tab. 225. Horfe- 
ftioe Vetch j in French, Per de Cbeval. 
Th$. 
3o5> 
