H I P 
places the late Dr. Houftoun fentnje their feeds. The 
iecond iort grows to as large a fize as the firft. The 
leaves of this are much longer than thofe of the firft, 
and have two fmall glandules growing at their bafe ; 
they are fawed on their edges, and are of a lucid 
green. 
The third fort is of humbler growth, feldom rifing 
more than twenty feet high •, the leaves of this great- 
ly refemble thofe of the common Holly, and are fet 
with {harp prickles at the end of each indenture ; 
they are of a lucid green, and continue ail the year. 
Thefe plants are preferved in fome of the curious 
gardens in Europe, where they can never be expefted 
to rife to any great height, for they are too tender to 
live in thefe northern countries, but in (loves ; they 
rife eafily from feeds, provided they are good. The 
feeds mu ft be fown upon a good hot-bed, and when 
the plants come up, they fhould be each planted in a 
fmall feparate pot filled with light fandy earth, and 
plunged into a good bed of tanners bark, treating 
them in the fame way as other tender plants ; but they 
muft not have much wet, for thefe plants abound with 
an acrid milky juice, and it is certain that mo ft plants 
which do, are foon killed by much moifture : thefe 
plants muft be removed into the ftove, and plunged 
into the tan-bed in autumn, where they fhould con- 
ftantly remain, giving them very little water in win- 
ter ; and in fummer when the weather is warm, they 
ihould have a good (hare of air admitted to them, and 
once or twice a week refrelhed with w r ater ; by this 
management I have raifed many of thefe plants to 
the height of five or fix feet, which have, by their 
fhining green leaves, made a pretty variety during 
the winter feafon in the ftove. 
HIPPOPHAE. Lin. Gen. Plant. 980. Rhamnoides. 
Tourn. Cor. 52. tab. 481. Baftard Rhamnus, or Sea 
Buckthorn. 
The Characters are. 
It is male and female in different plants ; the male flowers 
have an empalement of one leaf cut into two fegments , 
which clofe at their points ; they have no petals , but have 
four fort fiamina , terminated by oblong angular fummits , 
which are equal to the empalement. The female flowers 
have no petals , but have a one-leaved empalement , which is 
oval , oblong , tubulous , and bifid at the brim ; thefe have 
no fiamina, but in the center is fituated a fmall rouhdiflo 
germen , with a Jhort ftyle , crowned by an oblong thick 
fiigma , twice the length of the empalement . 'The germen 
afterward turns to a globular berry with one cell, inclofng 
one roundifh feed. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fourth fedlion 
of Linnseus’s twenty-firft clals, intitled Dioecia Te- 
trandria, in which are included thofe plants which 
are male and female in diftind plants, and the male 
flowers have four ftamina. 
The Species are, 
1. Hippgphae ( Rhamnoides ) foliis lanceolatis. Lin. Sp. 
Plant. 1023. Hippophae with fpear-fhaped leaves. Rham- 
noides falicis folio. Tourn. Cor. 53. Sea Buckthorn 
with a Willow leaf. 
2. Hippophae ( Canadenfs ) foliis ovatis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 
1024. Hippophae with oval leaves , called Canada Sea 
Buckthorn. 
The firft fort grows naturally on the fea banks in 
Lincolnfhire, and alio on the fand-banks between Sand- 
wich and Deal, in Kent; there are two varieties of 
this, one with yellow, and the other with red fruit, 
but it is the firft only which I have obferved growing 
naturally in England ; the other I faw growing on the 
fand-banks in Holland. 
Thefe rife with fhrubby ftalks eight or ten feet high, 
fending out many irregular branches, which have 
a brown bark filvered over, garnifhed with very nar- 
row fpear-ihaped leaves, about two inches long, and 
a quarter of an inch broad in the middle, leffening 
gradually to both ends, of a dark green on their upper 
fide, but hoary on their under, having a prominent 
midrib ; the two borders of the leaves are reflexed 
like the Rofemary; thefe are placed alternate on every 
fide the branches, fitting very clofe. The flowers 
come out from the fide of the younger branches,. W 
which they fit very clofe ; the male flowers growing 
in fmall clufters, but the female come out fingly $• 
thefe make but little appearance. They appear ir? 
July, and the berries on the female plants are ripe' in 
autumn. 
This fort is eafily propagated by fuckers from the 
root, for the roots fpread wide, and fend up a great 
number of (hoots, fo as to form a thicket : if thefe 
are taken oft' in autumn, and tranfplanted into a nur- 
fery, they will be fit to trap. (plant after one year’s 
growth, to the places where they are to remain : as 
there is little beauty in this plant, fo one or two of 
them may be allowed a place in a plantation of (hrubs 
for the fake of variety. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in North America?, 
this hath much the appearance of the former fort, but 
the leaves differ in their (hape, thefe being much 
(liorter and broader, and are not fo white on their 
under fide. This hath not as yet flowered in this 
country, but the plants feem equally hardy with the 
former, and may be eafily propagated by fuckers or 
layers. 
HIPPOSELINUM. See Smyrnium. 
HIRUNDINARIA. See Asclepias. 
HOEING is neceffary and beneficial to plants, for 
two things : ift. For deftroying of weeds ; 2clly, Be- 
caufe it difpofes the ground better to imbibe the 
night dews, keeps it in a conftant freftinefs, and adds 
a vigour to the plants and trees, whole fruit by that 
means, becomes better conditioned than otherwife it 
would be. 
This operation is performed by the hand, with an in- 
ftrument called a Hoe, which is well known to every 
gardener. There are feveral fizes of thefe ; the finalleft, 
which is called an Onion Hoe, is not more than three 
inches broad, and is ufed for Hoeing of Onions ; not 
only to cut up the young weeds, but alfo to thin 
the Onions, by cutting up all thofe which are too clofe. 
The next fize is near four inches and a half broad, and 
is called a Carrot Hoe ; this is ufed for Hoeing of Car- 
rots, or any other crop which requires the fame room 
as thofe. The largeft fize is about feven inches broad, 
and is frequently called a Turnep Hoe, being ufed for 
Hoeing ‘of Turneps ; but this is generally ufed by the 
kitchen-gardeners, for Hoeing between all their crops 
which are planted out, or (land fo far afunder as to ad- 
mit an inftrument of this breadth to pafs between the 
plants. Befide, thefe fort of Hoes, which are contrived 
to draw toward the perfon who ufes them, there is ano- 
ther fort of a different form, which is called a Dutch 
Hoe ; this is made for the perfon who ufes it to pufli 
from him, fo that he does not tread over the ground 
which is hoed. This is a very proper inftrument for 
fcuffling over the ground to deftroy weeds, in fuch 
places where the plants will admit of its being ufed, 
and a perfon will go over a much greater (pace of 
ground in the fame time with one of thefe inftruments, 
than with the common Hoe ; but this inftrument is 
not fo proper for Hoeing out cfops, fo as to leave 
the plants at a proper diftance, nor will it penetrate 
the ground fo far ; therefore the other fort of hoe is 
to be preferred to this, becaufe it ftirs the ground and 
loofens the furface, whereby the dews penetrate the 
ground, and thereby promote the growth of the plants. 
Of late years there has alfo been another inftrument 
introduced in the field culture, called the Horfe Hoe, 
which is a fort of plough with the (hear fet more in- 
clining to a horizontal pofition than the common 
plough ; but as moft of the farmers are at a lofs hovt 
to ufe this inftrument, fo it has been but little praftifed 
in this country as yet ; nor is it likely to be brought 
into ufe, unlefs the garden farmers near London, who 
are undoubtedly the bed hufbandmeh in Europe, in- 
troduce it ; for the common farmers can never be fup- 
pofed to alter their old eftablifhed methods, till by he- 
ceffity they are drove to it : a ltrong inftance we have 
of this kind, in the culture of Turneps, which for many 
years were fown in moft of the counties in England, 
but till within about fixty years paft, they were never 
6 X. hoed. 
30.4- 
