HOR 
grew- war, not very rich : but I have frequently, ob- 
iervecl. on the fid es of hot- beds iiuhe kitchen-gardens, 
where Barley- ftraw .has been ufed for covering the 
beds, that, fo trie of the grains left in the ears has drop- 
ped out and grown, the roots have produced from 
thirty to fixty italics each, and thofe been three or 
four times larger than the' ftaiks ever arrive at in 
the common way : but to this I know it will be ob- 
jtdecl, that although upon rich land in a garden, thefe 
roots of com may probably have fo many ftaiks, yet 
in poor land they will not have fuch produce ; there- 
fore unlefs there is a greater quantity of feeds Town, 
their crop' will not be worth (landing, which is one of 
the greateft fallacies that can be imagined-, for to 
fuppofe that poor land can nourifh more than twice 
the number of roots in the fame fpace as rich land, 
is fuch an abfurdity, as one could hardly fuppofe any 
perfon of common underftanding guilty of; and yet 
fo it is, for the general practice is to allow a greater 
quantity of feed to poor land, than for richer ground-, 
not conftdering that where the roots fcand fo ciofe, 
they will deprive each other of the nourifliment, fo 
ftarve theimfelves,. which is always the cafe where the 
roots (land ciofe which any perfon may at fir ft fight 
obferve, in any part of the fields where the corn hap- 
pens to fcatter when they are fowing it ; or in places 
where, by harrowing, the feed is drawn in heaps, 
thofe patches will ftarve, and never grow to a third 
part of the fize as the other parts of the fame field ; 
and yet common as this is, it is little noticed by far- 
mers, otherwife they furely would not continue their 
old cuftom of fowing. I have made many experi- 
ments for feveral years in the pooreft land, and have 
always found that all crops which are fown or planted 
at a greater diftance than ufual, have fucceeded beft-, 
and I am convinced, if the farmers could be prevailed 
on to quit their prejudices, and make trial of this me- 
thod of fov/ing their corn thin, they would foon fee 
the advantage of this hufbandry. 
The noblemen and gentlemen in France are very 
bufy in ietfng examples of this huibandry isrmoft of 
their provinces, -being convinced by many trials of 
its great utility ; and it were to be wiflied, the fame 
was done in England, 
When the Barley is fown, the ground fhould be rolled 
after the firft fhower of rain, to break the clods and 
lay the earth fmooth, which will render it better to 
mow, and alfo caufe the earth to lie clofer to the 
roots of the corn, which v/ill be of great fervice to 
it in dry weather. 
Where Barley is fown upon new broken up land, the 
ufual method is, to plough up the land in March, 
and let it lie fallow until June, at which time it is 
ploughed again, and fown with Turneps, which are 
eaten by fheep in winter, by whofe dungthe land is greatly 
improved ; and then in March following the ground is 
ploughed up again, and fown with Barley as before. 
There are many people who fow Clover with their 
Barley, and fome have fown the Lucern with Barley -, 
but neither of thefe methods is to be commended, for 
where there is a good crop of Barley, the Clover or 
Lucern muft be fo weak as not to pay for (landing ; 
fo that the better way is to fow the Barley alone with- 
out any other crop among it, and then the land will be 
at liberty for any other crop, when the Barley is taken 
off the ground but this pradice of lowing Clover, 
Rve-grafs, and other Grafs-feeds, with corn, has been 
Fo long and univerfally eftablifhed among farmers, 
that there is little hope of prevailing. with thofe peo- 
ple to alter a cuftom which has been handed down to 
them from their predeceffors, although there fhould 
be many examples produced, to fhew the abfurdity of 
this practice. 
When the Barley has been up three weeks or a month, 
it will be a very good method to roll it .over with a 
weighty roller, which will prefs the earth ciofe to the 
roots of the corn, and. thereby prevent the fun and 
air from penetrating the ground, which will be of 
lingular fervice in dry feafons ; and this rolling of it 
before it ftaiks,- will caufe it to till out into agreater 
number of ftaiks j fo that if the plants fhould be thin. 
HOR 
this will caufe them to fpread fo as to fill the ground, 
and like wife to ftrengthen the ftaiks. 
The time for cutting of Barley is, when the red colour 
of the ears is off, and the ftraw turns yellow, and the 
ears begin to hang down : in the north of England 
they always reap their Barley, and make it up in 
(heaves, as pradifed here for Wheat, by which me- 
thod they do not lofe near fo much corn, and it is alfo 
more handy to ftack but this method cannot fo writ 
be pradifed where there are many weeds amongft the 
corn, which is too frequently the cafe in the rick, 
lands near London, efpecially in moitt feafons ; there- 
fore when this is the cafe, the Barley muft lie, on the 
fwarth till all the weeds are dead but as it is apt to 
fprout in wet weather, it muft be fhook up, and turn- 
ed every fair day after rain to prevent it. When it is 
carried in, it fhould be thoroughly dry, otherwife if it 
be ftacked wet, it will turn mufty • or if too green, it 
is fubjed to burn in the mow. The common produce 
of Barley, is two and a half, or three quarters on an 
acre, but I have fonletimes known fix or (even quar- 
ters on an acre. 
HORIZONTAL SHELTERS have, byfofne 
perfons, been greatly recommended to preferve fruit- 
trees from blights ; but with how little reafon, or up- 
on what (light experiments, every one who has ever 
made ufe of them will eafily judge ; efpecially thofe 
which are contrived by placing tiles in the wall at 
certain diftances, nothing being more obvious, than 
that vegetables, when prevented from receiving the 
advantage of dews, rains, &c. thofe kindly benefits 
of heaven, grow weak, languid, and at laft entirely 
decay : and fince, from vaft numbers of experiments 
which have been lately made, we find that trees im- 
bibe great quantities of nourifliment through the pores 
of their leaves and branches, whereby they are ren- 
dered vigorous and healthy, even in fuch feafons, and 
upon fuch foils, where one would think it impoftible 
they fhould receive much nourifliment from the earth ; 
to deprive them of this advantage, is no lefs than de- 
ftroying them ; though perhaps, if the trees are vi- 
gorous, it may not be effeded fuddenly ; but there 
v/ill be very vifible figns of decay on them daily, and 
a few years will put a period to their lives, as I have 
more than once obferved, where fuch walls were 
built. 
The only fort of thefe flielters which I have ever ob- 
ferved ufeful for fruit-trees, was made with two leaves 
of flit deal, joined over each other, and painted ; this 
being fixed upon the top of the wall with pullies, to 
draw up and down at pleafure, formed a fort of pent- 
houfe ; which being let down in great rains, or cold 
nights, during the time that the trees were in flower, 
or the fruit was fetting, proved ferviceable ; but then 
thefe flielters were removed away foon after the fruit 
was fet, fo that the trees might enjoy all the advan- 
tages of rain, dew, &c. in the fummer, which is ab- 
folutely neceflary, if we would have healthy trees or 
good fruit. 
HORMINUM. Tourn. Inft. 178. tab. 82. Salvia. 
Lin. Gen. Plant. 36. Clary; in French, Ormin. 
The Characters are, 
The empalement of the flower is permanent , of one leaf 
tubulous? and channelled , hawing two lips ? the upper is 
broad , ending in three acute points ; the under is jhorter , 
ending in two points. The flower has one petal? divided into 
- two lips •? the upper is concave , comprejfed on the two fides , 
and incurved with a flight indenture at the point? the lower 
is broader and more indented. It hath two floort Jlamina , 
Jituated in the tube of the flower? terminated by floort prof- 
trate fummits? and two other which decay foon after the 
flowers open. In the bottom of the tube are four roundijh 
germen? fupporting a fingle Jiyle crowned by a bifid flig- 
ma? fituated in the upper lip of the petal. The germen 
afterward becomes four feeds ? lodged in the empalement. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fedion of 
Tournefort’s fourth clafs, which includes the herbs 
with a lip flower of one leaf, whofe upper lip is 
forked, or fliaped like a helmet. Dr. Linnaeus has 
joined this genus, and alfo the Sclarea of Tourne- 
fort to the Salvia, including them all in that genus 5 . 
- , but 
