H Y 0 
jhmated , acute leaves upon foot-ftalks , and ■ entire fwollen 
flowers. Hyofcyamus rubello (lore. C. B. P. Henbane 
with a reddifb coloured flower. 
6. Hyos.cy.AMus ( Aureus ) foliis petiolati's erofo-denta- 
tis acutis, floribus pedunculatis frudibus pendulis, 
Lin. Sp. 257. Henbane with acute indented leaves found- 
ing on foot-ftalks^ the flower having foot-ftalks, and the 
fruit hanging. Hyofcyamus Cretictft luteus major. 
C. B. P. Greater yellow Henbane of Candia . 
7. Hyoscyamus ( Pujillus ) foliis lanceolatis dentatis, flo- 
ralibus inferioribus binis, calycibus fpinofis. Hort. 
Upfal. 44. Henbane with fpear-fhaped indented leaves , 
and a prickly empalement. Hyofcyamus pufillus aureus 
Americanus, antirrhini foliis glabris. Pluk. Aim. 188. 
tab. 37. fob 5. Low, golden^ American Henbane , with 
a fmooth Snapdragon leaf. 
The firft of thefe forts is very common in England, 
growing upon the Tides of banks and old dunghills 
almoft every where. It is a biennial plant with long 
flefhy roots, which ftrike deep into the ground, fend- 
ing; out feveral large foft leaves, which are deeply 
fi afneci on their edges, and fpread on the ground ; 
the following fpring the ftalks come out, which rife 
about two feet high, garnifhed with leaves of the 
fame fhape, but fmaller, which embrace the ftalks 
with their bafe j the upper part of the (talk is gar- 
nifhed with flowers {landing on one fide in a double 
row, fitting clofe to the ftalks alternately ; thefe are 
of a dark purplifh colour with a black bottom, and are 
fucceeded by roundifn capfules, fitting within the em- 
palement thefe open with a lid at the top, and have 
two ceils filled with fmall irregular feeds. This is a 
very poifonous plant, and fhould be rooted out in all 
places where children are fuffered to come ; for in the 
year 1729, there were three children poifoned with 
eating the feeds of this plant, near Tottenham-court ; 
two of which flept two days and two nights before 
they could be awakened, and were with difficulty re- 
covered j but the third being older and ftronger, 
efcaped better. 
The roots of this plant are ufed for anodyne neck- 
laces to hang about children’s necks, being cut to 
pieces and ftrung like beads, to prevent fits and caufe 
an eafy breeding of their teeth, but they are very dan- 
gerous to ufe inwardly. For fome years paft there was 
a mixture of thefe roots brought over with Gentian, 
and ufed as fuch, which was attended with very bad 
effefts, as hath been mentioned under the article of 
Gentian, fo I {ball not repeat it here. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in the iflands of the 
Archipelago. This hath rounder leaves, which are 
obtufely fituated upon their borders, and Hand upon 
foot-ftalks •, the ftalks branch more than thofe of the 
firft, and the flowers grow in clufters toward the end 
of the branches, {landing upon {hort foot-ftalks ; they 
are of a pale yellow colour, with very dark purple 
bottoms. 
The third fort is much like the fecond, but the 
flowers are in larger bunches, fitting very clofe on the 
ends of the branches *, they are of a greeniffi yellow 
colour, with green bottoms. It grows naturally in 
the warm parts of Europe, and is the fort whofe feeds 
fhould be ufed in medicine, being the white Henbane 
of the {hops. 
The fourth fort was brought from the Levant by 
Dr. Tournefort. This hath a fmaller ftalk than ei- 
ther of the former, whole joints are further diftant ; 
the leaves are roundifh, and deeply indented in ob- 
tufe fegments, Handing upon pretty long foot-ftalks ; 
the flowers come out fingly from the fide of the ftalks, 
at a good diftance from each other •, they are of a yel- 
low colour with dark bottoms. 
The fifth fort grows naturally in Syria * this rifes 
with a branching ftalk two feet high, garniffied with 
long fpear-fhaped leaves having foot-ftalks ; the 
lower leaves are regularly cut on both Ikies into acute 
fegments which are oppofite, fo are fit aped like the. 
winged leaves, but the upper leaves are entire j the 
flowers grow at the end of the ftalks in bunches •, 
they are of a worn-out red colour, and lhaped like 
HYP 
thofe of the common fort, but their tubes are 
fwollen. 
All thefe are biennial plants, which perifh foon af- 
ter they have perfeded their feeds. They flower in 
June and July, and their feeds ripen in the autumn, 
which, if permitted to Latter, will produce plenty 
of the plants the following fpring ^ or if the feeds are 
fown at that feafon, they will fucceed much better than 
in the fpring ; for when they are fown in fpring, the 
plants feldom come up the fame year. They are all 
hardy except the fifth fort, and require no other cul- 
ture but to keep them clean from weeds, and thin 
the plants where they are too clofe. The fifth fort 
fhould have a warm fituation and a dry foil, in 
which it will live much better through the winter 
than in rich ground. 
The fixth fort grows naturally in Candia ; this is a 
perennial plant with weak ftalks, which require a fup- 
port *, the leaves are roundifh, and acutely indented 
on their edges, {landing upon pretty long foot-ftalks 5 
the flowers come out at each joint of the ftalk ; they 
are large, of a bright yellow, with a dark purple bot- 
tom •, the ftyle of this fort is much longer than the 
petal. It flowers moft part of fummer, and fome- 
times ripens feeds in the autumn. If thefe feeds are 
fown in pots as foon as they are ripe, and placed 
under a hot-bed frame in winter, the plants will come 
up in the fpring ^ but if they are kept out of the 
ground till fpring, they rarely fucceed. This fort will 
continue feveral years, if they are kept in pots and 
fheltered in winter, for they will not live in the open 
air at that feafon, but it only requires to be proteded 
from froft ; therefore if thefe plants are placed under 
a common hot-bed in winter, where they may enjoy 
as much free air as poffible in mild weather, they 
will thrive better than when they are more tenderly 
treated. This fort may be eafily propagated by cut- 
tings, which, if planted in a ffiady border during any 
of the fummer months, will take root in a month or 
fix weeks, and may be afterward planted in pots, and 
treated like the old plants. 
HYPECOUM. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 230. tab. 115. 
Hypecoum j Lin. Gen. Plant. 1 57. We have no 
Engliffi name for this plant. 
The Characters are, 
The empalement of the flower is compofled of two fmall 
oval leaves , which are oppofite and erebl. The flower 
hath four petals ; the two outer which are oppofite , are 
breads and divided into three obtufle lobes ; the two ether 
which are alternate , are cut into three parts at their 
points. It hath four Jlamina fituated between the petals , 
which are terminated by oblong fummits. In the center is 
placed an oblong cylindrical germen , fupporting two fhort 
Jlyles , crowned by acute Jligma. The germen afterward be- 
comes a long , compreffed , jointed, pod , which is incurved, 
with one roundifh compreffed feed in each joint. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond fedion of 
Linnseus’s fourth clafs, which contains the plants 
whofe flowers have four (lamina and two ftyles. 
The Species are, 
1. Hypecoum ( Procumbent ) iiliquis arcuatis compreffis 
articulatis. Hort. Upfal. 31. Hypecoum with compreffed 
jointed pods bent inward. Hypecoum latiore folio. 
Tourn. Broad-leaved Hypecoum. 
2. Hypecoum ( Pendulum ) filiquis cernuis teretibus cy- 
lyndricis. Hort. Upfal. 3 1 . Hypecoum with taper , cy- 
lindrical , nodding pods. Hypecoum tenuiore folio. 
Tourn. Narrow-leaved Hypecoum. 
3. Hypecoum {Ere Slum) filiquis eredis teretibus toru- 
lofis. Elort. Upfal. 32. Hypecoum with taper , ereft, 
wreathed pods. Hypecoum filiquis eredis teretibus. 
Amm, Ruth. 58. Hypecoum with ere St taper pods. 
The firft fort hath many wing-pointed leaves of a 
grayiffi colour, which fpread near the ground, and (len- 
der branching ftalks, which lie proftrate on the fur- 
face of the ground •, thefe are naked below, and at 
the top are garniffied with two or three fmall leaves 
of the fame ffiape and colour with the under ones ; 
from between thefe leaves come out the foot-ftalks of 
the flower, each fuftaining one yellow flower with four 
petals. 
