I L E 
portioned to the fum of all the expences'of its branches; 
that if the refervatory be fifty-two high, and the 
ajutages half an inch in diameter, the pipe ought to 
be three inches in diameter. 
He fays, That the beauty of Jets of water con fills in 
their uniformity and tranfparency at the going out of 
the ajutage, and fpreading but very little, and that to 
the higheft part of the jet. 
That the word fort of ajutages are thofe that are 
cylindrical, for they .retard very much the height of 
the Jets, the conic retard it lefs ; but the beft way is, 
to bore the horizontal plane, which (huts the extre- 
mity of the pipe, or conduit, with a lmooth and po- 
li filed hole, taking care that the plate be perfectly 
plain, polifhed, and uniform. 
Thefe fpouts of water are fome of the greateft beau- 
ties of the Italian gardens, and are certainly better 
adapted for gardens in thofe warm countries, than they 
are for our climate, becaule, in the great heats of fum- 
mer, the fight of thefe water-fpouts is cooling and 
refrefhing to the imagination, and they certainly add 
a real coolnefs to the air ; but in cold countries they 
cool the air too much, therefore fhould not be erect- 
ed ; or if they are, they fhould be placed at fuch dif- 
tances from the habitation, as that the damp may no 
ways affedt it. 
Where thefe Jets are contrived, if there is* not a con- 
ftant fupply for a large column of water, they fhould 
by no means be made, for nothing can have a meaner 
* appearance, than thofe pitiful piffing fpouts, fo fre- 
quently to be feen in England, which perhaps have 
not a fupply of water to play above an hour or two ; 
therefore where there is not a natural body of water, 
to fupply thefe Jets, without the expence of railing 
it, there fliould never be any of thefe contrived in 
gardens. 
ILEX. Lin. Gen. Plant. 158. Aquifolium. Tourn. 
I nib R. H. 600. tab. 371. The Holly-tree; in 
French, Horn. 
The Characters are, 
‘They have male , female , and hermaphrodite flowers on 
different plants. The male flowers have a fmall perma- 
nent empalcment of one leaf, which is indented in four parts-, 
they have hut one petal, which is cut into four fegments al- 
moft to the bottom ; they have four awl-floaped ftamina, 
which are Jhorter than the pet ad, and are terminated by 
fmall fumnuts. The female flowers have their empalements 
and petals the fame as the male, but have no fta?nina ; in 
their center is placed the roundiflo germen , having four ob- 
tufe ftigmas fitting on it. The germen afterward becomes 
a roundiflo berry with four cells, each containing a Jingle 
hard, feed. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the third fedlion of 
Linnaeus’s fourth clafs, intitled Tetrandria Tetra- 
gynia, which includes thofe plants whofe flowers have 
four ftamina and four ftyles ; but according to his own 
fyftem, it fhould be placed in the third fedlion of his 
twenty-fecond clafs, with thofe plants which have male 
and hermaphrodite flowers on different plants. 
The Species are, 
1. Ilex {Aquifolium) foliis oblongo-ovatis, undulatis, 
lpinis acutis. Holly-tree with oblong leaves which are 
waved, and have acute Mines. Ilex aculeata baccifera. 
C. B. P. 42 5. Prickly berry-bearing Ilex ; and the Aqui- 
folium five agrifolium vulgo. J. B. 1. 114. The com- 
mon Holly. 
2. Ilex ( Echinata ) foliis ovatis, undulatis, marginibus 
aculeatis, paginis fuperne fpinofis. Holly with oval 
waved leaves, whofe borders are armed with ftrong thorns , 
and their upper furface prickly. Aquifolium echinata 
folii fuperfice. Cornut. Canad. 180. Holly-tree whofe 
upper furface of the leaves are prickly, commonly called 
Hedge-hog Holly. 
3. Ilex ( Caroliniana ) foliis ovato-lanceolatis ferratis. 
Hort. Cliff. 40. Holly with oval, fpear-fhaped, fawed 
leaves. Aquifolium Carolinienfe, foliis dentatis, baccis 
rubris. Catelb. Carol. 1. p. 31. Carolina Holly with 
undented leaves and red berries , commonly called Dahoon 
Holly. 
I L E 
There are feveral varieties of the common Holly with 
variegated leaves, which are propagated by the nur- 
fery gardeners for fale, and fome years pail were in 
very great efteem, but at prefent are but little regard- 
ed, the old tafte of filling gardens with (horn Ever- 
greens being pretty well abolilhed ; however, in the 
difpofition of the clumps or other plantations of Ever- 
green trees and fhrubs, a few of the moft lively co- 
lours may be admitted, which 'will have a good ef- 
fect in the winter feafon, if they are properly difpofed. 
As the different variegations of the leaves of Hollies, 
are by the nurfery gardeners diftinjguifhed by different 
titles, fo I (hall here mention the moft beautiful of 
them, by the names they are generally known : 
Painted Lady Holly, Britifti Holly, Bradley’s beft 
Holly, Phyllis, or Cream Holly, Milkmaid Holly, 
Pritchet’s beft Holly, Gold-edged Hedge-hog Holly, 
Cheyney’s Holly, Glory of the W eft Holly, Broad- 
erick’s Holly, Partridge’s Holly, Herefordlhire white 
Holly, Blind’s Cream Holly, LongftafPs Holly, 
Eales’s Holly, Silver-edged Hedge-hog Holly. 
All thefe varieties are propagated by budding or 
grafting them upon (locks of the common green 
Holly : there is alfo a variety of the common Holly 
with lmooth leaves, but this is frequently found 
intermixed with the prickly-leaved on the fame tree, 
and often on the fame branch, there are both forts of 
leaves. 
The common Holly grows naturally in woods and 
forefts in many parts of England, where it riles from 
twenty to thirty feet high, and fometimes more, but 
their ordinary height is not above twenty-five feet. 
The ftem by age becomes large, and is covered with 
a grayifh fmooth bark ; and thofe trees which are not 
lopped or browzed by cattle, are commonly furnifhed 
with branches the greateft part of their length, fo form 
a fort of cone ; the branches are garnifhed with oblong 
oval leaves about three inches long, and one and a 
half broad, of a lucid green on their upper furface, 
but are pale on their under, having a ftrong midrib : 
the edges are indented and waved, with (harp thorns 
terminating each of the points, fo that fome of the 
thorns are railed upward and others are bent down- 
ward, and being very ftiff, renders them troublefome 
to handle. The leaves are placed alternate on every 
fide of the branches, and from the bafe of their foot- 
ftalks come out the flowers in clufters, (landing on 
very fliort foot-ftalks ; each of thefe fuftain five, fix, 
or more flowers. In fome plants I have obferved the 
flowers were wholly male, and produced no berries ; 
in others I have obferved female and hermaphrodite 
flowers, but upon fome large old trees growing on 
Windfor foreft, I hav$ obferved all three upon the 
fame trees. The flowers are of a dirty white, and 
appear in May ; they are fucceeded by roundifh ber- 
ries, which turn to a beautiful red about Michael- 
mas, but continue on the trees if they are not de- 
ftroyed, till after Chriftmas before they fall away. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in Canada, from 
whence it was brought to Europe. The leaves of 
this fort are not fo long as thofe of the common Hol- 
ly, and their edges are armed with ftronger thorns 
(landing clofer together ; the upper furface of the 
leaves is fet very clofe with (hort prickles, from 
whence the gardeners have given it the title of 
Hedge-hog Holly. This fort is ufually propagated 
in the nurferies, by budding or grafting it upon the 
common Holly ; but I have railed it from the ber- 
ries, and found the plants to be the fame as thofe 
from v/hence the feeds were taken, fo make no doubt 
of its being a diftindt fpecies. 
There are two varieties of this with variegated leaves, 
one of which is yellow, and the other white. There 
is alfo a variety of the common Holly with yellow 
berries, which is alfo accidental, and is generally 
found on thofe plants which have variegated leaves, 
and but feldom on plain Hollies. 
The common Holly is a very beautiful tree in win- 
ter, therefore deferves a place in all plantations of 
7 E Erergreen 
