I L E 
I L L 
Evergreen trees and ftirubs, where its Aiming leaves 
and red berries make a fine variety ; and if a few of 
the bell variegated kinds are properly intermixed, 
they will enliven the fcene. The Holly was alfo for- 
merly planted for hedges, and is a very proper plant 
for that purpofe ; but then it fhould not be clipped with 
iheafs, becaufe when the leaves are cut through the 
middle, they are rendered unfightly, fo they fhould 
be cut with a knife clofe to the leaf ; and although 
in this method they are not iborn fo even as with 
fhears, yet they will have a much better appearance, 
and may be made as clofe and fecure as by any other 
method generally pracftifed. 
The Holly is propagated by feeds, which never come 
up the firft year, but lie in the ground as the Haws 
do ; therefore the berries fhould be buried in the 
ground in a large pot or tub one year, and then tak- 
en up and fown in the autumn upon a bed expofed 
only to the morning fun ; the following fpring the 
plants will appear, which muft be kept clean from 
weeds ; and if the fpring fhould prove dry, it will 
be of great fervice to the plants if they are watered 
once a week ; but they muft not have it oftener, nor 
in too great quantity, for too much moifture is very 
injurious to thefe plants when young. 
In this feed- bed the plants may remain two years, 
and then fhould be tranfplanted in the autumn, into 
beds at about fix inches diftance each way, where they 
may ftand two years longer, during which time they 
muft be conftantly kept clean from weeds •, and if 
the plants have thriven well, they will be ftrongenough 
to tranfplant where they are defigned to remain ; for 
when they are tranfplanted at that age, there will be 
lefs danger of their failing, and they will grow to a 
larger fize than thofe which are removed when they 
are much larger-, but if the ground is not ready to 
receive them at that time, they fhould be tranfplanted 
into a nurfery in rows at two feet diftance, and one 
foot afunder in the rows, in which place the plants 
may remain two years longer ; and if they are de- 
figned to be grafted or budded with any of the va- 
riegated kinds, that fhould be performed after the 
plants have grown one year in this nurfery ; but the 
plants fo budded or grafted fhould continue two years 
after in the nurfery, that they may make good fhoots 
before they are removed ; though the plain ones 
fhould not ftand longer than two years in the nur- 
fery, becaufe when they are older, they do not tranf- 
plant fo well. The beft time for removing of Hol- 
lies is in the autumn, efpecially in dry land but 
where the foil is cold or moift, they may be tranf- 
planted with great fafety in the fpring if the plants 
are not too old, or if they have not flood long unre- 
rnoved, there is great odds of their dying when re- 
moved. 
The Baboon Holly grows naturally in Carolina, from 
whence the feeds were fent by the late Mr. Mark 
Catefby, who found the trees growing on a fwamp at 
a diftance from Charles-town, but it hath fince been 
diicovered in fome other countries in North America. 
This riles with an upright branching item to the height 
of eighteen or twenty feet the bark of the old Items 
is of a brown colour, but that of the branches or 
younger ftalks is green and fmooth, garnifhed with 
fpear-fhaped leaves, which are more than four inches 
long, and one and a quarter broad in the broadeft 
part, of a light green and thick confidence the up- 
per part of the leaves are fawed on their edges, each 
ferrature ending in a fmall fharp fpine ; they ftand al- 
ternately on every fide the branches, upon very fhort 
foot-ftalks. The flowers come out in thick clufters 
from the fide of the ftalks ; they are white, and fhaped 
like thofe of the common Holly, but are fmaller ; the 
female and hermaphrodite flowers are fucceeded by 
fmall roundifh berries in its native country, which 
make a fine appearance in winter, but they have 
not as yet produced fruit in England, fo far as I 
can learn. 
Dr. Linmeus fuppofes this plant and the evergreen 
Canine to be the fame, but they are undoubtedly dif- 
tin£l plants : he may probably have been led into this 
miftake, by receiving feeds of this fort mixed together 
with the berries of Caffine from America, which I have 
more than once done but whoever fees the two plants 
growing, cannot doubt of their being different. 
This fort is tender while young, fo requires protec- 
tion in the winter till the plants are grown ftrong and 
woody, when they may be planted in the full ground 
in a warm fituation, where they will endure the cold of 
our ordinary winters pretty well ; but in fevere froft 
they fhould be protected, other wife the cold will de- 
ftroy them. 
This fort is propagated from feeds, in like manner as 
the common fort the feeds of it will lie as long in 
the ground, fo the berries fhould be buried in the 
ground a year, and then taken up and fown in pots 
filled with light earth, and placed under a frame in 
winter; in the fpring the pots fhould be plunged into 
a hot-bed, which will bring up the plants ; thefe muft 
be preferved in the pots while young, and flickered in 
winter under a common frame tili they have obtained 
ftrength, when in the fpring they may be turned out 
of the pots and planted in the full ground, in a warm 
fituation. 
From the bark of the common Holly is made the 
bird-lime, and the wood is made into hones for fet- 
ting of razors. The wood is very white, and takes 
a fine polifh, fo is very proper for feveral kinds of 
furniture. I have feen a floor of a room laid in com- 
partments with Holly and Mahogany, which had % 
very pretty effect. 
ILLECEBRU M. Lin. Gen. 291. Corrigiola. Dill. 
Gen. p. 169. Paronychia. Tourn. Xnft. 281. 
The Characters are, 
It hath a five-cornered coloured empale merit of five leaves , 
which is permanent , hut has no petals it hath five fen- 
der Jiamina within the empalement , terminated by fimple 
fiummits , and an oval germen with a fhort Jlyle , crowned 
by an obtufie ftigrna. "The empalement afterward becomes 
a roundifh capfule with five angles , having one cell , con- 
taining one large feed ; which is pointed on every fide. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft lection of 
Linnseus’s fifth clafs, in'titled Pentandria Monogynia, 
the flowers having five ftamina and one ftyle. 
The Species are, 
1. Illecebrum ( Suffruticofum ) fioribus lateralibus folita- 
riis, caulibus fuffruticofus. Lin. Sp. 298. Illecebrum 
with an under-fhrub fitalk , having Jingle flowers on the 
files. Paronychia Hifpanica fruticofa, myrti folio. 
Tourn. Inft. 508. 
2. Illecebrum ( Paronychia ) fioribus brabteis nitidis ob- 
valaris, caulibus procumbentibus. Lin. Sp. 299. Il- 
lecebrum with neat brattea inclofeng the flowers , and 
trailing fialks. Paronychia Hifpanica. Clnf. Hilt. 2. 
P- i8 3 - 
3. Illecebrum ( Capitatum ) fioribus brabteis nitidis oc- 
cultantibus capitula terminalia, caulibus erebtis, foliis 
ciliatis. Lin. Sp. 299. 'Illecebrum with neat Irraliea 
terminating the ereli ftalks , and filvery leaves. Parony- 
chia Narbonenfis erebta. Tourn. Inft. 508. 
4. Illecebrum ( Achyrantha ) caulibus repentibus pilofis, 
foliis ovatis mucronatis oppofito minore, capitulis lub- 
globofis fubfpinofis. Lin. Sp. 299. Illecebrum with 
creeping ftalks , fmall oval-pointed leaves placed oppofite , 
almoft globular heads of flowers , having fmall [pirns. 
Achyrantha repens, foliis bliti pallidi. Hurt. Eith. 8. 
tab. 7. 
5. Illecebrum ( Polygonoides ) caulibus repentibus hirris, 
foliis lato-lanceolatis petiolatis, capitulis orbicularis 
nudis. Lin. Sp. 300. Illecebrum with hairy creeping 
ftalks , broad fpear-Jhaped leaves on foot -ftalks, and orbi- 
cular naked heads of flowers . Amaranthoides humlie 
Curaftavicum, foliis polygoni. Herm. Farad. 17. 
6. Illecebrum ( Vermiculaium ) caulibus repentibus gla- 
bris foliis, fubteretibus carnofis, capitulis oblongis 
glabris terminalibus. Lin. Sp. 300. Illecebrum with 
fmooth creeping ftalks, almoft taper flefiiy leaves, and ob- 
long fmooth heads terminating the branches. Amaran- 
thoides humile Cura&vicum, cepese foliis lucidis, ca- 
pitulis. Herm, Parad. 15. 
Tffe 
