I N D 
ration ; where they will thrive much better than if too 
much expofed to the fun, or in a dry foil, for they 
delight in filade and moifture ; fo that where thefe are 
wanting the plants will require a conftant fupply of 
water in dry weather, otherwife they will thrive but 
ilowly. The diftance which thefe plants fhould be 
placed, not be lefs than two feet every way, for 
where they like their fit nation, they will fpread and in- 
creafe much- When thefe plants are rooted, they will 
require no other culture but to keep them clear from 
weeds ; and in the fpring, before they fhoot, the 
ground fhould be every year gently dug between the 
plants ; in doing of which, great care fhould be had 
not to cut or bruife their roots. Thefe plants, with 
this management, will continue feveral years, and 
will produce feeds in plenty. 
If you would propagate thefe plants by offsets, their 
roots fhould be parted at Michaelmas, and planted in 
a fhady fituation, at the fame diffance as has been di- 
rected for the feedling plants, obferving to water them 
until they have taken root, after which time they 
muff be managed as the feedlings. 
The roots of this plant are ufed in medicine, and are 
greatly reccommended for their virtue in contagious 
diftempers, or the bites of venomous creatures ; they 
are alexipharmic and fudorific ; by fome they are re- 
commended for choiics and afthmas, for the cramp, 
and all cold difeafes of the nerves. 
INARCHING is a method of grafting, which is 
commonly called grafting by approach. This method 
of grafting is ufed when the ffock you intend to graft 
on, and the tree from which you would take the graft 
ftand fo near (or can be brought fo near) that they 
may be joined together. The method of performing 
it is as follows : take the branch you would Inarch, 
and having fitted it to that part of the ffock where 
you intend to join it, pare away the rind and wood on 
one fide about three inches in length. After the fame 
manner cut the ffock or branch in the place where the 
graft is to be united, fo that the rind of both may join 
equally together, at leaft on one fide, that the fap 
may meet ; then cut a little tongue upwards in the 
graft, and make a notch or flit in the ffock down- 
ward to admit it ; fo that when they are joined, the 
tongues will prevent their flipping, and the graft will 
more clofely unite with the ffock. Having thus placed 
them exactly together, you muff tie them with fome 
bafs, or other foft bandage •, then cover the place with 
grafting clay, to prevent the air from entering to dry 
the wound, or the wet from getting in to rot the 
ftock : you fhould alfo fix a ftake into the ground to 
which that part of the ffock, as alfo the graft fhould 
be fattened, to prevent the wind from breaking them 
afunder, which is often the cafe when this precaution 
is not obferved. 
In this manner they are to remain about four months, 
in which time they will be fufficiently united, and the 
graft may then be cut from the mother tree, ob- 
ferving to Hope it off clofe to the ftock •, and if at this 
time you cover the joined parts with freflh grafting 
clay, it will be of great fervice to the graft. 
This operation is always performed in April or May, 
that the graft may unite with the ftock before the 
fucceeding winter, and is commonly pradtifed upon 
Oranges, Myrtles, Jafmines, Walnuts, Firs, Pines, and 
feveral other trees, which will not fucceed fo well by 
common grafting or budding. But although I have 
mentioned Orange-trees among the reft, yet I would 
by no means advife this practice where the trees are 
defigned to grow large, which, in this method, they 
rarely ever will do ; and it is chiefly pradifed upon 
thofe trees only as a curioflty, to have a young plant 
with fruit upon it, in a year or two from feed 1 , by 
Inarching a bearing branch into a young ftock, 
whereby it is effedted, yet thefe plants are feldom 
long lived. 
I N DJ G O F E R A. Lin. Gen. 83 9 . Indigo. 
The Characters are, 
The empalcmem is of one leaf fphading almoft flat , and 
cut into five figments ; the flower is of the butterfly kind , 
I N D 
having a roundijh fpreadmg ftandard, which is indented 
at the -point and refiexed : the wings are oblong , obtufe , 
and their under borders fpreading ; the keel is obtufe , 
fpreading , and acute-pointed. It hath ten ftamina digejied 
in a cylinder whofe points afiend , terminated by roundijh 
fummits , and a cylindrical ger men, fupp orbing a fhort fiyle , 
crowned by an obtufe ftigma. The germen afterward be- 
comes a long taper pod , inclofing kidney fhaped feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the third fedtion of 
Linnaeus's feventeenth clafs, intided Diadelphia De- 
candria, from the flowers having ten ftarnina formed 
in two bodies. 
The Species are, 
1. Indigofera ( Tinlloria ) leguminibus arcuatis incanis, 
racemis folio brevioribus. Flor. Zeyl. 273. Indigo with 
hoary arched pods , and the bunches of flowers Jhcrter than 
the leaves. Anil five Indigo Americana, liliquis in 
falcula: modum contortis. Acad. R. Scien. 1718. 
Guatemala Indigo . 
2. Indigofera ( Sujfruticcfa ) leguminibus arcuatis In- 
canis, caule fruticofa. Indigo with a Jhrubby flalfi and 
hoary arched pods.' Colutea affinis fruticofa argentea, 
floribus fpicatis e viride purpureis, filiquis falcatis. 
Sloan. Cat. Jam. 1.42. 
3. Indigofera ( Caroliniana ) leguminibus teretibus, fo~ 
liolis quinis fpicis longiffimis fparfis, radice perenne. 
Indigo with taper pods , leaves with five lobes , long loofi 
fpikes of flowers , and. a perennial root . . 
4. Indigofera ( Indica ) leguminibus pendulis lanatis 
comprefils, foliis pinnatis. Indigo with woolly , com- 
prejfid , hanging pods , and winged leaves. 
5. Indigofera ( Glabra ) leguminibus glabris teretibus, 
foliolis trifoliatis. Indigo with finooth taper pods, and tri- 
foliate leaves. 
The firft and fifth forts are annual plants with us ; the 
feeds of thefe muft be fown on a hot-bed eaily in the 
fpring of the year, and when the plants are come up 
two inches high, th?y fhould be transplanted into 
fmall pots filled with good frefti earth, and the pots 
plunged into a hot-bed of tanners bark ; when the 
plants have obtained fome ftrength, they muff have 
a great fhare of free air, by railing the glades in the 
day time ; and in June they may be expofed more to 
the open air, by which time they will begin to pro- 
duce their flowers, which will be fucceeded by pods 
in a fhort time after, and in Auguft their feeds will 
be perfected, if the plants are brought forward in the 
fpring. 
The fecond fort grows to the height of five or fix feet, 
and will abide two or three years, if it is preierved in 
a very warm ftove in winter •, this produces fpikes of 
flowers from the wings of the leaves on the tides of 
the Items of the plant, and fometimes will perfedr its 
feeds in England. This muft be raifed in a hot-bed, 
as was directed for the two former, but muft not 
be wholly expofed to the open air, even in the hottefi: 
weather. 
The fourth fort is fuppofed to be promifeboufiy ufed 
to make the Indigo, but the firft is the common fort 
which is cultivated in the Engfifh plantations in 
America ; but I have been affured by a perfon of great 
credit, that he. has made as good Indigo from the 
fecond fort, as any that was produced in our plan- 
tations ; and this being a much larger plant, will af- 
ford a greater quantity from the fame compafs of 
ground, than any one of the other fpecies, - efpecially 
if cut before the ftalks grow ligneous ; and this fort 
will grow on poorer land, f° may be cultivated in 
fuch places where the firft fort will not thrive fo well, 
by which means great improvements may be made 
with this plant in our American plantations. There are 
fome other forts of this plant which are natives of 
India, from which this commodity is made; two of 
which, viz. the fourth and fifth forts I have had 
growing in the garden at Chelfea, both which are very- 
different in their leaves and pods from either of the 
American forts which have been cultivated. I have 
alfo received feeds from India of the third fort, which, 
is the fame fpecies of Indigo which grows naturally 
in South Carolina, and which was greatly ffteemed • 
7 F fome 
