JON 
The Characters are, 
The flower hath an empalement of one leaf \ cut at the brim 
into four Jhort fegments , which are erect. It hath one 
petal , which is tubulous , and divided into four parts at 
the brim , which fpread open. It hath four Jlender fmn- 
mits , which are longer than the petal , terminated by ob- 
long yellow fummits. In the center is fituated a roundifh 
germen , fupporting a Jlender ftyle , crowned by a thick ob- 
tufefligma. The germen afterward becomes a flnooth glo- 
bular-berry., inciting four hard oblong feeds. 
Dr. Linnaeus ranges this genus of plants in the firft 
fedtion of his fourth clafs, mtitled Tetrandria Mono- 
gynia, which includes the plants whofe flowers have 
four ftamina and one ftyle. As the feeds of this plant 
were lent me from Carolina by the late Dr. Dale with 
this title, in the year 1739, and with them the cha- 
rafters of the genus, which was before it was men- 
tioned by Dr. Linnaeus, I have continued it under the 
Dodlor’s title. 
We have but one Species of this genus, viz. 
Johnsonia ( Americana ) floribus verticillatis feflilibus, 
foliis ovato lanceolatis oppofitis, caule fruticofo. Dale. 
Shrubby Johnfonia with oval fpear-Jhaped leaves placed op- 
pofite , and flowers growing in whorls fitting clofe to the 
flalks. Callicarpa. Adt. Upfal. 1741. Mr. Catefby, 
in his Hiftory of Carolina, has figured it under the 
following title, Frutex baccifer verticillatus, foliis fca- 
bris latis dentatis & conjugatis, baccis purpureis dense 
congeftis, voi. ii. p. 47. 
This Ihrub grows plentifully in the woods near 
Charles-town, in South Carolina. It riles from four 
to fix feet high, lending out many branches from the 
root, which are woolly when young, like thofe of the 
Wayfaring-tree, garnillied with oval lpear-lhaped leaves 
placed oppofite, Landing on Ihort foot-ftalks ; they are 
about three inches long, and one inch and a quarter 
broad in the middle, growing narrow at both ends, 
and a little indented on their edges, their furface 
rough, and a little hoary. The flowers come out in 
whorls round the Italics, fitting very clofe to the 
branches at the foot-ftalks of the leaves ; they are 
fmall, tubulous, cut into four obtufe fegments at the 
top, which expand, and are of a deep purple colour ; 
thefe are fucceeded by foft fucculent berries, which 
turn firft to a bright red colour, but afterward change 
to a deep purple when ripe, and inclofe four hard ob- 
long feeds. 
The feeds of this plant were fent me by Mr. Catefby, 
from Carolina, in 1724-, and many of the plants were 
then raifed in feveral curious gardens in England ; 
moft, if not all all of them were afterward planted in 
the open air, where they ftourifhed very well for fome 
years, and feveral of the plants produced flowers in 
the Chelfea garden for four or five years, but thefe 
were not fucceeded by fruit ; and in the fevere froft 
in 1740, they were moft of them deftroyed, as were 
alfo the young plants which were raifed from Dr. 
Dale’s feeds the year before, which were only fhelter- 
ed under a frame ; fo that until the Dodfor fent a frefh 
fupply of feeds in 1 744, there were l'carce any of the plants 
living in the Englifh gardens •, but fince then, there 
has been quantities of the feeds brought to England. 
This plant rifes eafily from feeds, if they are fown in 
a moderate hot-bed •, the belt way is to fow the feeds 
in pots, and plunge them into a tan-bed of a moderate 
•warmth ; ai)d when the plants come up, and have ob- 
tained fome ftrength, they fhould be gradually inured 
to the open air, into which they fhould be removed 
in June, and placed in a fheltered fituation, where 
they may remain till autumn •, during which time 
they mult be kept clear from weeds, and gently re- 
frefhed with water in dry weather ; but as thele young 
plants are tender, they fhould be placed under a frame 
before the early froft comes on ; for a froft in au- 
tumn will kill the tender part of their fhoots, which 
often caufes their ftalks to decay moft part of their 
length before the fpring. During the v r inter feafon 
they fhould be lereened from froft, but in mild wea- 
ther they muft enjoy the free air, otherwife their fhoots 
will turn mouldy and decay. The following fpring, 
juft before the plants fhoot. they fhould be carefully 
I P 0 
turned out of the pots, fo as not to break their roots I 
and part of them may be planted in fmall pots filled 
with light earth, and the others into a nurfery-bed 
in a warm fituation, at about four or five inches afun- 
der *, thole in the pots fhould be plunged into a mo- 
derate hot-bed, which will forward their taking root* 
but afterward muft be hardened to bear the open air 
as before ; thefe plants in the pots fhould be fhel- 
tered under a frame in winter for three or four years, 
till they have obtained ftrength; then they may be 
turned out of the pots* and planted in a warm fitu- 
ation, where they will live in the open air in common 
winters ; but in fevere froft they are in danger of be- 
ing killed, if they are not fheltered ; therefore the 
furface of the ground about their roots fhould be co- 
vered with old tan to keep out the froft, and their 
tops covered with Straw, Peas-haulm, or Fern, which 
will protedt them. 
Thofe plants in the beds fhould alfo be covered with 
mats, or Straw, in frofty weather, and after they halve 
obtained ftrength, they may be tranfplanted into a 
warm fituation, and treated every winter in, the fame 
manner as the other. 
The leaves of this fhrub were often ufed by Dr. 
Dale, in dropfical cafes, with very good fuccefs. A 
particular account of the virtues of this, and many 
other plants of Carolina, was fent me with dried l'am- 
ples of each, by the Doctor, during the laft war ; but 
as the fhips were taken in their paffage, they were all 
loft, and the Dodtor dying Icon after, I could never 
recover them. 
J O N T H L A S P I. See Clypeola. 
JQNQJLJIL. See Narcissus. 
IPOMOEA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 199. Quamoclit. 
Tourn. Inft. R. H. 116. tab. 39. Quamoclit , or Scar- 
let Convolvulus. 
The Characters are, 
The flower hath a fmall permanent empalement , cut into 
five parts at the top. The petal is funnel-jhapcd , having 
a long cylindrical tube , whofe brim is five-pointed , fpread- 
ing open flat. It hath five awl-Jhaped ftamina , nearly the 
length of the petal , terminated by roundifh fummits. In 
the bottom of the tube is fituated a round germen , fupport- 
ing a Jlender ftyle , crowned by a rouMifh ftigma. The 
germen afterward becomes a roundiflo capfule with three 
cells , inclofing three oblong feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft feftion of 
Linnaeus’s fifth clafs, mtitled Pentandria Monogynia, 
which includes thofe plants whofe flowers have five 
ftamina and one ftyle. 
The Species are, 
1. Ipomoea ( Quamoclit ) foliis pinnatifidis linearibus, 
floribus fubfolitariis. Hort. Cliff. 60. Ipomoea with 
very narrow many-pointed leaves , and folitary flowers . 
Quamoclit foliis tenuiterincifis&pennatis. Tourn. Inft. 
R. H. 1 1 6. Quamoclit with narrow , cut, winged leaves . 
2. Ipomoea ( Coccinea ) foliis cordatis acuminatis, baft 
angulatis, pedunculis multifloris. Hort. Upfal. 39. 
Ipomoea with heart-Jhaped pointed leaves , angular at the 
bafe , and many flowers on a ftalk. Quamoclit Ame- 
ricana folio heder$ flore coccineo. Com. Rar. Plant. 
2 1 . American Quamoclit with an Ivy leaf and a fear let 
flower , commonly called Scarlet Convolvulus. 
3. Ipomoea ( Solanifolia ) foliis cordatis acutis Integerri- 
mis, floribus folitaris. Prod. Leyd. 430. Ipomoea with 
acute , heart-Jhaped , entire leaves 5 and folitary flowers , 
Quamoclit Americana folani folio, flore rofeo. Plum. 
Cat. 3. American Quamoclit with a Night (hade leaf, and 1 
a Rofe-coloured flower. 
4. Ipomoea ( Violacea ) foliis cordatis integerrimis, flori- 
bus confertis corollis indivifis. Sauv. Monfp. 114. 
Ipomoea with heart-Jhaped entire leaves , flowers growing 
in clufters , and undivided petals. Quamoclit foliis am- 
pliffimis cordiformibus. Plum. Cat. 4. Quamoclit with 
large heart-Jhaped leaves. 
5. Ipomoea ( Tuber of a ) foliis palmatis, lobis feptenis 
lanceolatis integerrimis pedunculis trifloris. Hort. Up- 
fal. 39. Ipomoea with hand floaped leaves, ccmpofed of [even 
fpear-Jhaped entire lobes , and foot-ftalks having three 
flowers. Convolvulus major heptaphylius, flore ful- 
phureo odorato. Sloan. Cat. 55. Greater f even-leaved 
7 H Bind, 
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