An acre of land will produce a ton of Woad, and in 
good feafons near a ton and a half. 
"When the, planters intend to fave the feeds, they cut 
three crops of the leaves, and then let the plants Hand 
till the next year for feed ; but if only one crop is cut, 
and that only of the outer leaves, letting all the mid- 
dle leaves ftand to nourifh the ftalks, the plants will 
grow ftronger, and produce a much greater quantity 
of feeds. 
Thefe feeds are often kept two years, but it is al- 
ways bell to fow new feeds when they can be obtained. 
The feeds ripen in Auguft • when the pods turn to a 
dark colour, the feeds fhould be gathered ; it is beft 
done by reaping the ftalks in the fame manner as 
Wheat, fp reading the ftalks in rows upon the ground, 
and in four or five days the feeds will be fit to threfli 
out, provided the weather is dry ; for if it lies long, 
the pods will open and let out the feeds. 
There are fame of the Woad planters who feed down 
the leaves in winter with flieep, which is a very bad 
method ; for all plants which are to remain for a fu- 
ture crop, Ihould never be eaten by cattle, for that 
greatly weakens the plants ; therefore thofe who eat 
down their Wheat in winter with flieep are equally 
blameable. 
ISOPYRUM. Lin. Gen. Plant. 621. Helleborus. 
Amman. 
The Characters are. 
The flower has no empalement. It hath five equal oval pe- 
tals, which fall off, and five fioort tububulous nediarn, 
fituated within the petals, divided at their brim into 
three lobes, . the middle one being the largefi. It hath a 
great number of jhort hairy ftamina , terminated by Jingle 
fiummits , apd fever at oval germen , with fmgle ftyles of 
the fame length , crowned by an obtufe fiigma the length of 
the ftamina. The germen afterward become fo many re- 
curved cap files with one cell , filled with fnrall feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the feventh feftion 
of Linn^us’s thirteenth clafs, intitled Polyandria Po- 
lygynia, which includes thole plants whofe flowers 
have many ftamina and ftyles. 
The Species are, 
1. Isopyrum ( Fumaroides ) ftipulis fubulatis, petalis acu- 
tis. Hort. Qpfal. 157. Ifopyrum with awl-Jhaped fti- 
pulw, and acute petals. Helleborus fumarias foliis. 
Amman. Ruth. 57. tab. 12. Hellebore with Fumitory 
leaves. 
2. Isopyrum [Thalidlr oides) ftipulis ovatis, petalis o’b- 
tufis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 557. Ifopyrum with oval ftipuR, 
and obtufe petals. Ranunculus nemoroflus, thaliftri fo- 
lio. C. B. P. 178. Wood Crowsfoot with a Meadow 
Rue leaf. 
3. Isopyrum ( Aquilegioides ) ftipulis obfoletis. Lin. Sp. 
Plant. 557. Ifopyrum With cbfolete Jiipule. Aquilegia 
montana, flore parvo, thaliftri folio.' C B. P. 144. 
Mountain Columbine with a fmall flower , and Meadow 
Rue Leaf ’. 
The firft fort grows naturally in Siberia, from whence 
the feeds were lent to the Imperial garden at Peterf- 
burgh, and the late Dr. Amman, profeffor of botany 
there, fent me part of the feeds ; this is an annual 
plant, which feldom rifes more than three or four 
inches high. The leaves are Ihaped like thofe of 
Fumitory ; they are fmall, and of a gray colour. The 
stalk is naked to the top, where there is a circle of 
leaves juft under the flowers. The flowers are fmall, 
of an herbaceous colour on their outfide, but yellow 
within, having five acute petals, and as many honey 
glands, with a great number of ftamina which are 
fhorter than the petals, and feveral reflexed moon- 
fhaped germen, having fo many Angle ftyles, crowned 
by obtufe ftigraas. The flowers are fucceeded by many 
recurved feed-veffels with one cell, filled with fmall 
ftiining black feeds. It flowers the beginning of 
April, and the feeds ripen in May, then the plants 
decay. 
The feeds of this plant fhould be fown in a fliady 
border foon after they are ripe, for when they are 
kept long out of the ground, they feldom grow the 
firft year ; therefore when the feeds are permitted to 
fcatter, they fucceed better than thofe which are fown, 
and the plants will require no other care but to keep 
thern clean, from weeds ; as there is no 'great beauty 
m this plant, fo a fmall patch, or two of them in any 
fhady part of the garden, by way of variety A will be 
fufficient. 
The fecond and third forts were fent me from Verona, 
near which place they grow naturally. The fecond 
fort hath leaves very like thofe of the fmalleft Mea- 
dovv Rue. j he ftalks rife four or five indies: high, (Im- 
porting a few fmall white flowers, - with obtufe petals,, 
containing many fmall, feeds. It flowers tfie latter 
end ot March, and the feeds ripen In . May, 
The third fort hath leaves like 
the fecond 
. - - — — , ~ 4t a little 
larger, and of a greener colour. The ftalks, rife about 
fix inches high, fupporting two or three fmall '.white 
flowers, fhaped like thofe of the fecond fort ; thefe 
are fucceeded by 'recurved feed-veffels, filled with 
fmall feeds. It flowers in April, and the feeds ripen 
in June. 
Both thefe plants delight in a moift fh-ady fkuation 
they are propagated by feeds in the fame way as. the 
firft fort, but thefe will live, two or three years. 
ISORA. See Helicteres. 
I T E A. Lin. Gen. Plant. 243. Fior. Virg. 143. Di- 
conangia. Mitch. Gen. 5. 
The Characters are, 
The empalement of the flower is final ! , permanent , and 
crept , ending in five acute points. The flower has five 
petals, which are inferted in the empalement. . It hath 
five awl-flhaped ftamina inferted in the empalement , which 
are as long as the petals, terminated by round iff fiummits , 
and an oval germen fupporting a cylindrical ftyle , which is 
permanent , , crowned by an obtufe fiigma. The germen 
afterward becomes a long oval cap fide , with the ftyle -at 
the top , having one cell filled with fmall feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft feftion of 
Linnaeus’S fifth clafs, intitled Pentandria Monogynia, 
which includes thofe plants whofe flowers have’ five 
ftamina and one ftyle. 
We have but one Species of this genus, viz. 
Itea ( Virginica .) Flor. Virg. 143. Wt have no English 
title for this plant, 
This fhrub grows in moift foils in feveral parts of 
North America, where it rifes to the height of fix or 
feven feet, fending out many branches from the 
ground upward, garnifbed with fpear-Oiaped leaves 
placed alternately, (lightly fawed on their edges, 
which are reflexed, veined, and of a light green. At 
the extremity of the fame year’s (hoots, in the month 
of July, are produced fine (pikes of white flowers, 
three or four inches long, erect • and v/hen thefe fltrubs 
are in vigour, they will be entirely covered .with thefe 
fpikes of flowers, fo that they make a fine appearance 
at their feafon of flowering. 
This fhrub is now pretty-common in England ; but 
the garden where I have Teen it in the greateft 
vigour, is that of his late Grace the Duke of ArgyJe, 
at Whitton, near Hounflow, where the foil agrees fo 
well with this plant, that it thrives and .flowers there 
as well as in its native country. 
This fhrub will live in the open air in England, the 
cold never injuring it, but it will npt thrive upon dry 
gravelly ground, being very apt to die in fetch places 
in the feimmer feafon. It is propagated by layers, 
which, if laid down in the autumn, will put out roots 
fo as to be fit to remove by the following autumn; 
v/hen they may be tranfplanted into. a nirriery, or to 
the place where they are to remain. This fhrub 
flowers at a feafon when there are few others in beauty. 
fo it is the more valuable on that acount. 
IV A. Lin. Gen. 1059. Tarconanthus. Vail. Aft. Par. 
I 7 I 9- 
The Characters are, 
It hath male and female flowers in the fame plant ; the 
flowers have a roundijh permanent empalement , including 
feveral florets, which are convex ; the male flowers have 
one petal, which is funnel- ficape a , and indented in five 
parts at the brim •, thefe are fituated in the clijk ; they have 
five brijlly ftamina, terminated by ere 8 - fiimmis, approach- 
