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ceeding ; when the plants come up, they fhould be 
kept clean from weeds j and if they flioot late in the 
autumn, and their tops are full of fap, they fhould 
be covered with mats, or fome other light covering, 
to prevent the early frofts from pinching their tender 
fhoots, which often caufes them to die down a con- 
iiderable length before the fpring •, but if they are 
fcreened from thefe early frofts, the fhoots will be- 
come firmer and better able to refill the cold. Some 
of thefe forts are tender while young, fo require 
a little care for the two firft winters, but afterward 
will be hardy enough to refill the greatell cold of this 
country. 
The black Virginia Walnut is full as hardy as the 
common fort : there are fome large trees of this kind 
in the Chelfea garden, which have produced great 
quantities of fruit upward of forty years •, the nuts 
have generally ripened fo well there as to grow, but 
their kernels are fmall, fo are of little value. 
The trees all require the fame culture as the com- 
mon Walnut, but they grow bell in a foft loamy foil 
not too dry, and where there is a depth of foil for 
their roots to run down. The Hickery, when young, 
is very tough and pliable, fo the flicks of it are much 
efteemed ; but the wood when grown large is very 
brittle, fo not of any great ufe. The black Virginia 
Walnut is the moll valuable wood of all the forts ; 
fome of the trees are beautifully veined, and will take 
a good polifh, but others have very little beauty, 
which is the cafe of many other forts of wood. 
JUJUBE. See Ziziphus. 
JULIANS, or R O C K E T S. See Hesperis. 
JULY FLOWER. See Dianthus. 
J UNCUS. Tourn. Xnft. R. H. 246. tab. 127. Lin. 
Gen. Plant. 3 96. Rufh ; in French, Jonc. 
The Characters are, 
It hath a chaff opening with two valves, an empalement 
with fix oblong pointed little leaves which are perma- 
nent •, the flower hath no petals , but the coloured em- 
palement is by fome taken for petals. It hath fix ffort 
hairy ftamina , terminated by oblong erelt fummits , and a 
three-cornered pointed germen , with a Jhort fender ftyle , 
crowned by three long , hairy , fender fiigrnas , which are re- 
flexed. The germen afterward becomes a clofe three-cor- 
nered capjule with one cell , opening with three valves , in- 
clofing roundijh feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firfl fedtion of 
Linnaeus’s flxth clafs, intitled Hexandria Monogynia, 
■which contains the plants whofe flowers have fix {la- 
mina and one ftyle. 
The Species are, 
j, Juncus (. Acutus ) culmo fubnudo tereti mucronato, 
panicula terminali, involucro diphyllo fpinofo. Lin. 
Sp. Plant. 325. Rufh with a naked , taper, pointed folk, 
terminated by a panicle, and a prickly two-leaved involu- 
crum. Jhncus acutus, capitulis forghi. C. B. P. 11. 
Prickly large Sea Rufh. 
2. Juncus ( Filiformis ) culmo nudo, apice membrana- 
ceo incurvo, panicula laterali. Lin. Sp. Plant. 326. 
Rufh with a naked fialk, an incurved membranacous 
apex , and a lateral panicle. Juncus acutus, panicula 
fparfa. C. B. P. Common hard Ruff. 
3. Juncus ( Effufus ) culmo nudo ftri£lo, panicula late- 
rali. Flor. Leyd. 44. Ruff with a naked clofe fialk, and 
a lateral panicle. Juncus kevis, panicula fparsa, major. 
C. B. P. Larger common foft Ruff, with a fpreading 
panicle. 
4. Juncus ( Conglomerates ) culmo nudo flridto, capitulo 
laterali. Prod. Leyd. 44. Ruff with a clofe naked 
fialk and lateral heads. Juncus lasvis, panicula non 
fparsa. C. B. P. Soft Ruff with a more compact panicle. 
There are many other fpecies of this genus, fome of 
which grow naturally in England, and are very trou- 
biefome weeds in many places, fo are not worthy of 
being enumerated here •, and thofe which are here 
mentioned, is only to point out a method of deflroy- 
ing them. 
The firft and fecond forts grow on the fea-- (hares, 
where they are frequently watered by the fait water. 
Thefe two forts are planted with great oare on the. 
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banks of the fea in Holland-, in order to prevent the 
water from waffling away the earth ; ' which ' being 
very loofe, would be in danger of removing every 
tide, if it were not for the roots of thefe Ruffles, which 
fallen themfeives very deep in the ground, and mat 
themfelves near the furface, fo as to hold- the earth 
clofely together. Therefore, whenever the roots of 
thefe Rufhes aredeftroyed, the inhabitants immediately 
repair them to prevent farther damage. In the furn- 
mer time, when the Rulhes are fully grown, the in- 
habitants cut them, and tie them up into bundles, 
which are dried, and afterward carried into the lar- 
ger towns and cities, where they are wrought into 
bafkets, and feveral other ufeful things, which are 
frequently fent into England. Thefe forts do not 
grow fo ftrong in England, as they do on the Maefe, 
and fome other places in Holland, where I have feen 
them upw r ard of four feet high. 
The third and fourth forts grow on moift, ftrong, un- 
cultivated lands in moll parts of England, and con- 
fume the herbage where they are fullered to remain. 
The bell method of deftroying thefe Rufhes is, to 
fork them up clean by the roots in July, and after 
having let them lie a fortnight or three weeks to dry, 
to lay them in heaps, and burn them gently ^ and the 
allies which thefe afford, will be good manure for 
the land ; but in order to prevent their growing again, 
and to make the paflure good, the land ihould be 
drained, otherwife there will be no deftroying thefe 
Rufhes entirely ; but after it is well drained, if the 
roots are annually drawn up, and the ground kept 
duly rolled, they may be fubdued. 
JUNIPER U S. Tourn. Ml. R. H. 588. tab. 36 r. 
Lin. Gen. Plant. 1005. Juniper , in French, Genevrier . 
The Characters are. 
It hath male and female flowers in different plants , and 
fometimes at feparate difiances on the fame plant. The 
male flowers grow on a conical katkin •, the flowers are 
placed by threes , two of them faflened along the common- 
tail oppofite , terminated by a fingle one the feales are 
broad, ffort, lying over each other, and fixed to the co- 
lumn by a very ffort foot -fialk. The flower has no petal , 
but three ftamina in the male flower which are joined in 
one body below, having three diftinH Jummits , adhering 
to the feales of the lateral flowers. The female flowers 
have a fmall three-pointed empalement fitting upon the 
germen, which is permanent they have three ftiff, acute , 
permanent petals \ the germen fitting below the empalement , 
fupports three Jingle ftyle s, crowned by fligmas. The ger- 
men afterward becomes a roundijh berry , inclofing three 
ftony feeds, which are oblong and angular on one fide, but 
/ convex on the other. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the twelfth fedtion of 
Linngeus’s twenty-fecond clafs, intitled Dioecia Mo- 
nodelphia, which includes thofe plants which have 
male and female flowers in different plants, whofe fta- 
mina are joined in one body. 
The Species are, 
1. Juniperus ( Communis ) foliis ternis patentibus mu- 
cronatis bacca longioribus. Lin. Sp. Plant. 1040. Ju- 
niper with fpreading fharp-pointed leaves placed by threes. 
Juniperis vulgaris fruticofa. C. B. P. 488. The com- 
mon Engliflo Juniper. 
2. Juniperis ( Suecia ) foliis ternis patentibus, acutiori- 
bus, ramis eredlioribus, bacca longioribus. Juniper 
with longer and more acute-pointed leaves placed by threes , 
erelt branches , and longer berries. Juniperis vulgaris 
arbor. C. B. P. 488. The Tree , or Swediff Juniper. 
3. Juniperus (JVirginiana ) foliis ternis omnibus paten- 
tibus. Juniper with leaves placed by threes , which are all 
of them fpreading. Juniperus Virginiana. H. L. Fo- 
lio ubique juniperino. Boerh. I rid. Cedar of Virginia - , 
or red Cedar. 
4. Juniperus ( CaroUnianq ) foliis ternis bafi adnatis, ju~ 
nioribus imbricatis, fenioribus patulis. Hort. Cliff. 
464. Juniper with leaves placed by threes adhering at 
their bafe, the young ones lying over each other, and the 
old ones fpreading. Juniperus Virginiana, foliis infe- 
rioribus juniperinis, fuperioribus fabinam, vel cypref- 
fum referentibus, Boerh. Ind. Carolina Cedar , 
5- Juki- 
