J u N 
five or thirty feet high, though there is no doubt of 
their growing larger ; for they thrive very faft after 
the three firft years, and refift the fharpeft froft of our 
climate exceeding well, and are very apt to grow 
ftrait and regular, provided they are not fuffered to 
fhoot out too much at bottom. 
Thefe plants are alfo propagated by feeds, which 
muft be procured from Virginia or Carolina (for they 
rarely produce ripe feeds in England) and fown as was 
direded for the other junipers •, but as this feed can- 
not be procured in England till fpring, fo when fown 
st that feafon, it remains in the ground until the fuc- 
ceeding fpring before the plants appear •, therefore you 
muft obferve to keep the beds clear from weeds, and 
not fuffer the feeds to be difturbed, which is often the 
fault of fome impatient people, who think, becaufe 
the plants do not rife the firft year, that they will ne- 
ver come up, and fo dig up the ground again, where- 
by their feeds are buried ; but if they are let remain, 
they feidom fail to grow, though fometimes it is two 
years after fowing before they come up. When the 
plants come up they muft be carefully weeded, and 
in dry weather fhould be refrefhed with water, which 
will greatly forward their growth ; and the autumn 
following they fhould have a little rotten tan laid be- 
tween them, to keep out the froft. In this bed the 
plants may remain till they have had two years growth, 
then they fhould be tranfplanted into other beds, as 
was directed before for the other forts, obferving to 
preferve a ball of earth to their roots ; and after 
they are planted, if the feafon proves dry, they muft be 
carefully watered, and the furface of the ground co- 
vered with mulch, to prevent the fun and wind from 
entering the earth to dry their fibres ; but they fhould 
not be too much watered, which often proves inju- 
rious to thefe trees, by rotting their tender fibres foon 
after they are emitted, whereby the plants have been 
often deftroyed. 
In thefe beds they may remain two years, obferving 
to keep them clear from weeds ; and in winter you 
fhould lay a little frefh mulch upon the furface of the 
ground round their roots, which will prevent the froft 
from penetrating to them, and effectually preferve 
them •, for while the plants are fo young, they are lia- 
ble to be injured by hard frofts, when too much 
expofed thereto; but when they have attained a 
greater ftrength, they will refift the fevereft of our 
cold. 
After two years, they fhould either be removed into 
a nurfery (as was directed for the common Juniper) 
or tranfplanted where they are defigned to remain, ob- 
ferving always to take them up carefully, otherwife 
they are fubjeCt to fail upon tranfplanting ; as alfo to # 
mulch the ground, and water them as was before di- 
rected, until they have taken root ; after which they 
will require no farther care, than only to keep the 
ground clear about their roots, and to prune up 
their fide branches to make them afpire in height. 
The foil in which you plant thefe trees fnould be 
frefh and light, but muft not be dunged, efpeciaily at 
the time when they are planted ; for dung is very 
hurtful to them, if it be not quite rotted to mould; 
therefore the mulch which is laid upon the furface 
of the ground fhould not be dung, but rather 
fome old tanners bark or fea-coal "afhes, which will 
prevent the froft from penetrating deep in the 
ground. 
Thefe trees being thus managed, will in a few years 
rife to a confiderable ftature, and by the variety of 
their evergreen leaves and manner of growth, will 
greatly add to the beauty of all plantations, if rightly 
difpofed, which indeed is what we feidom obferve in 
any of the Englifh gardens or wilderneffes ; for there 
are few people who confider the different growths of 
the feveral trees with which they compofe fuch plan- 
tations, fo as to place the , tailed: growing trees the 
backwardeft from fight, and the next degree to fuc- 
ceed them, and fo gradually diminifhing till we come 
to the common Juniper, and othersof the famegrowth, 
whereby all the trees will be feen, and the gradual de- I 
J U N 
clivity of their tops will appear like a verdant dope, 
and be much more agreeable to the fight, as alfo more 
advantageous to the growth of the trees, than to place 
fhrubs of humble growth near fuch plants as will 
grow to the firft magnitude, whereby the fhrub is hid 
from fight, and will be over-fhadowed and deftroyed ; 
nor can the diftance which each tree requires, be fo 
juftly proportioned any other way ; for in this diftn- 
bution, the largeft trees being feparated by themfelves, 
may be placed at a due diftance ; and then thofe of a 
middling growth fucceeding, may be accordingly al- 
lowed fufficient room ; and the finaller, which are 
next the fight, being placed much clofer, will hide 
the naked ftems of the larger trees, and have an 
agreeable effed to the fight. 
The timber of thefe trees is of excellent ufe in Ame- 
rica, for building of veffels, wainfcotting houfes, and 
for making many forts of utenfils, it abounding with 
a bitter refin, which prevents its being deftroyed by 
vermin, but itis very brittle, therefore not fo proper for 
ftubborn ufes ; but however, by increafing the num- 
ber of our timber trees, we fhall find many advan- 
tages, befides the pleafure their variety affords ; for 
we may hereby have trees of very different kinds, 
which are adapted to grow in various foils and ficu- 
tions, whereby we fhall never want proper trees for all 
the different forts of foils in England, if proper care 
be taken in their choice ; which would be a great im- 
provement to many parts of this kingdom, which now 
lie unplanted, becaufe the owner, perhaps, find that 
neither Oaks nor Elms will thrive there, and conle- 
quently concludes, that no otherfort of tree will, which 
is a great miftake ; for if we confider how different the 
ftrudture of trees are (being defigned by the wife Au- 
thor and contriver of all things, to grow on different 
foils and flotations) and only obferve what forts are 
adapted for growing on dry barren mountains, and 
what are defigned for the lower and richer valleys, we 
need never be at a lofs for proper trees for all forts' of 
ground. 
The Bermudas Cedar being a native of that ifland, 
and alfo of the Bahama Iflands, is much tenderer than 
either of the former forts, except that of Jamaica, fo is 
not likely to thrive well in this country ; for although 
many of thefe plants have lived feveral years in the open 
air in England, yet whenever a fevere winter happens, 
it either kills them, or fo much defaces them, that they 
do not recover their verdure in a year or two after. 
Thefe plants are propagated by feeds in the fame 
manner as the former, with only this difference, that 
thefe fhould be fown in pots or tubs of earth, that 
they may be removed into ftielter in the winter time, 
otherwife the young plants are often hurt by hard 
frofts ; but they will require no more care than only 
to be placed under a common hot-bed frame, where 
the glaffes may be conftantly kept oft’ in mild wea- 
ther, when they cannot have too much free air, and 
only covered in hard frofts. Thefe feeds conftantly 
remain in the ground until the fecond year before they 
come up, therefore the earth in the pots fhould not 
be difturbed ; and in the fummer time they fhould 
be placed in the fhade, to prevent the earth from 
drying too faft ; and in very dry weather they fhould 
be often watered, but do not give too much water to 
them at once, which would rot the feeds. 
The fpring following, when the young plants come 
up, they muft be carefully cleared from weeds, and in 
dry weather refrefhed with water ; but fnould ftand, 
during the fummer feafon, in a place defended from 
ftrong winds ; and in winter muft be placed under 
frames, where they may be covered in hard frofty 
weather, but muft have open air when the weather 
is mild. In April following you fhould tranfplant them 
each into a fingle halfpenny pot filled with frefh light 
earth, being careful to raife them up with a ball of 
earth to their roots ; and when they are planted, you 
fiiould water them, to fettle the earth to their roots ; 
then place the pots in a warm fituation, where they 
may be defended from fun and wind : but if you will 
bellow a moderate hot- bed to plunge the pots in, it 
