contrived fome winding walks to leaci to the Kitchen- 
garden, which will have as good an e fleet as tnoie 
which are now commonly made in gardens for pleaiure 
only. In the choice of the fituation, if it does not 
ohftrudl the view of better objects, or fhut out any 
material proipedt, there can be no objeCton to the 
placing it at a reafonable diftance from the houfe or 
offices •, for as particular things may be wanted for the 
kitchen, which were not thought of at the time when 
directions were given to the gardener what to bring 
in 5 fo if the garden is fituated at a great diftance 
from the houfe, it will be found very inconvenient to 
fend thither as often as things are wanting : therefore 
it fhould be contrived as near the (tables as poftible, 
for the conveniency of carrying the dung thithei •, 
which, if at a great diftance, will add to the expence 
of the garden. . - 
As to the figure of the ground, that is of no great 
moment, fince in the diftnbution or the quarteis all 
irregularities may be hid *, though if you are at full 
liberty, an exad fquare or an oblong, is preferable to 
any other figure. 
The great thing to be confidered is, to make choice 
of a good foil, °not too wet, nor over dry, but of a 
middling quality ; nor ftiould it be too ftrong or ftub- 
born, but of a pliable nature, and eafy to work $ and 
if the place where you intend to make the Kitchen- 
garden ftiould not be level, but high in one part and 
low in another, I would by no means advife the le- 
velling it •, for by this fituation you will have an ad- 
vantage which could not be obtained on a perfedl le- 
vel, which is, the having one part dry ground 
for early crops, and the low part for late crops, 
whereby the kitchen may be the better fupplied 
throughout the feafon with the various forts of herbs, 
roots, &c. And in very dry feafons, when in the 
upper part of the garden the crop will greatly luffer 
with drought, then the lower part will fucceed, and 
fo vice versa •, but I would by no means dired the 
chuftng a very low moift fpot of ground for this pur- 
pol'e for although in fuch foils garden-herbs are 
commonly more vigorous and large in the dimmer 
feafon, yet they are feldom fo weft tailed or whole- 
fome as thofe which grow upon a moderate foil ; and 
efpecially fince in this garden your choice fruits 
fhould be planted, it would be wrong to have a very 
wet foil. 
This garden fiiould be fully expofed to the fun, and 
by no means overfhadowed with trees, buildings, &c. 
which are very injurious to your kitchen plants and 
fruit-trees ; but if it be defended from the north wind 
by a diftant plantation, it will greatly preferve your 
early crops in the fpring ; as alfo from the ftrong 
fouth-weft winds, which are very hurtful in autumn 
to fruit and garden-herbs. But thefe plantations fhould 
not be too near nor very large ; for I have generally 
found where Kitchen-gardens are placed near woods or 
large plantations, they have been much more troubled 
with blights in the fpring, than thofe which have been 
more expofed. 
The quantity of ground neceftary for aKitchen-garden 
muft be proportioned to the largenefs of the (arnily, 
or the quantity of herbs defired : for a fmall family, 
one acre of ground may be fufficient ; but for a large 
family, there fhould not be lefs than three or four 
acres ; becaufe, when the ground is regularly laid out, 
and planted with eipaliers of fruit-trees, as will here- 
after be directed, this quantity will be found little 
enough, notwithftanding what fome perfons havefaid 
on this head. 
This ground muft be walled round, and if it can be 
conveniently contrived, fo as to plant both fides of the 
walls which have good afpefts, it will be a great ad- 
dition to the quantity of wall fruit and thofe flips 
of ground which are without fide of the walls, will 
be very ufeful for planting of Goofeberries, Currants, 
Strawberries, and fome forts of kitchen plants, fo 
that they may be rendered equally ufeful with any of 
the quarters within the walls •, but thefe flips ftiould 
not be too narrow, left the hedge, pale, or plantation 
of flirubs* which inclofe them, ftiould (hade the bor- 
ders where the fruit-trees (land : the lead width of 
thefe flips fhould be twenty-five or thirty feet, but if 
they are double that, it will be yet better, and the flips 
will be more ufeful, and the fruit-trees will have a 
larger fcope of good ground for their roots to run. 
Thefe walls fhould be built about twelve feet higfq 
which will be a fufficient height for any fort of fruit. 
If the foil where you intend to place yourKitchen-gar- 
den be very ftrong, then you fhould plough or dig it 
three or four times before you plant any thing therein 5 
and if you throw it up in ridges to receive the rroft in 
winter, it will be of great fervice to meliorate and 
loofen its parts. , 
The manure which is moft proper for fticH foils, is 
fea-coal afhes, and the cleanfing of ftreets or ditches, 
which will render it light much fooner than any other 
dung or manure ■, and the greater the quantity of 
allies the better, efpecially if the ground be cold ; 
and where thefe allies are not to be obtained in plenty, 
fea-fand is a very proper dreffing, where it can be 
eafily procured, or rotten wood, or the parts' of ve- 
getables rotted are very good ; all which will greatly 
loofen the foil, and caufe it to be not only eafier to 
work, but alfo more advantageous for the growth of 
plants. 
But, on the contrary, if your foil be light and warm, 
you fhould manure it with rotten neats dung, which 
is much preferable to any other dreffing for hot foils ; 
but if you ufe horfe dung, it muft be well rotted, 
otherwife it will burn up the crops upon the find hot 
dry weather. , , , 
The foil of this garden ftiould be at lead two feet 
deep, but if deeper it will be ftill better, otherwife 
there will not be depth enough of foil for many forts 
of efculent roots, as Carrots, Parfneps, Beets, &c. 
which run down pretty deep in the ground, and moft 
other forts of efculent plants delight in a deep foil ; 
and many plants, whofe roots appear fhort, yet if 
their fibres by which they receive their nourifhment 
are traced, they will be found to extend to a conft- 
derable depth in the ground ; fo that when thefe are 
flopped by meeting with gravel, chalk, clay, &c. the 
plants will foon fhew it by their colour and dinted 
growth. 
You fhould alfo endeavour to have a fupply of wa- 
ter in the different parts of the garden, which, if pof- 
fible, fhould be contained in large bafons or refervoirs, 
where it may be expofed to the open air and fun, that 
it may be loftened thereby •, for fuch water as is taken 
out of wells, &c. juft as it is ufed, is by no means 
proper for any fort of plants. 
In the diftribution of this garden, after having built 
the walls, you fhould lay out banks or borders under 
them, which fhould be at lead eight or ten feet broad, 
whereby the roots of the fruit-trees will have greater 
liberty than in fuch places where the borders are not 
above three or four feet wide •, and upon thefe banks 
you may fow many forts of early crops, if expofed to 
the fouth ; and upon thofe expofed to the north, you 
may have fome late crops ; but I would by no means 
advife the planting any fort of deep rooting plants too 
near the fruit-trees, efpecially Peas and Beans ^ tho 5 
for the advantage of the walls, to preferve them in 
winter, and to bring them forward in the fpring, the 
gardeners in general are too apt to make ufe of thofe 
borders, which are near the beft afpebled walls, to the 
great prejudice of their fruit-trees ; but for thefe pur- 
pofes it is much better to have fome Reed-hedges fixed 
in fome of the warmed quarters, under which you 
fhould fow and plant early Peas, Beans, &c. where 
they will thrive as well as if planted under a wall, and 
hereby your fruit-trees will be entirely freed from fuch. 
tro.ubiefome plants. 
Then you fhould proceed to dividing the ground out 
into quarters, which muft be proportioned to the larger 
nefs of the garden ; but I would advife never to make 
them too fmall, whereby your ground will be loft in 
walks ; and the quarters being inclofed by eipaliers 
of fruit-trees the plants therein will draw up flender^ 
