K I T. 
and never arrive to half the fize as they would do in 
a more open expoiure. 
i he walks of this garden fhouid, be alio proportioned 
to the fize of the ground, which in a fmall garden 
fliould be four feet, but in a large one fix ; and on 
eacli fide of the walk fhouid be allowed a border five - 
"or fix feet wide between the dpalier and the walk, 
whereby the diftance between the efpaliers /will be 
greater, and the borders being kept conftantly worked 
and manured, will be of great advantage to the roots 
of the trees ; and in thefe borders may be Town feme 
fmall fal lad, or any other herbs, which do not con- 
tinue long or root deep, fo that the ground will not 
be loft. 
The breadth of thefe middle walks which I have here 
affigned them, may by many peribns be thought too 
great •, but my reafon for this is to allow proper room 
between the efpaliers, that they may not fliade each 
other, or their roots interfere and rob each other of 
their nourifhment : but where the walks are not re- 
quiredof this breadth, it is only enlarging of the bor- 
ders on each fide, and fo reducing the walks to the 
breadth defired. 
But the walks of thefe gardens fhould.not be gravelled, 
for as there will conftantly be occafion to wheel ma- 
nure, water, &c. upon them, they would foon be de- 
faced, and rendered unfightly •, nor fhouid they be 
laid with turf; for in green walks, when they are 
wheeled upon or much trodden, the turf is loon de- 
ftroyed, and thofe places where they are much ufed, 
become very unfightly alfo ; therefore the belt walks 
for a Kitchen-garden are thofe which are laid with a 
binding land ; but where the foil is ftrong and apt to 
detain the wet, there fhouid be forne narrow under 
ground drains made by the fide of the walks, to carry 
off the wet, otherwife there will be no ufing of the 
walks in bad weather ; and where the ground is very 
wet, and the water is detained by the ftiffnefs of the 
foil, if fome lime-rubbifh, flints, chalk, or any fuch 
material as can be procured with the lead: expence, and 
is laid at the bottom of thefe walks ; or if neither of 
thefe can be had, a bed of Heath or Furze fhouid be 
laid, and the coat of fand laid over it ; the fand will 
be kept drier, and the walks will be found and good 
in allfeafons. Thefe fand-walks when they are well 
laid, are by much the eafieft kept of any ; for when 
either weeds or Mcfs begin to grow, it is but feuffling 
them over with a Dutch hoe in dry weather, and raking 
them over a day or two after, and they will be as 
clean as when firft laid. 
The beft figure for the quarters- to be difpofed into, 
is a fquare or an oblong,- where the ground is adapted 
to fuch a figure ; otherwife they may be triangular, 
or of any other fhape, which will be moll advantageous 
to the ground. 
When the garden is laid out in the fhape intended, if 
the foil is ftrong, and fubiect to detain the moifture, 
or is naturally wet, there fhouid always be under- 
ground drains made, to carry off the wet from every 
quarter of the garden,- for otherwife moil forts of 
kitchen plants will fuffer greatly by moifture in winter; 
and if the roots of the fruit-trees get into the wet, they 
will never produce good fruit, fo that there cannot be 
too much care taken to let off all fuperfious moifture 
from the Kitchen-garden. 
Thefe quarters fhouid be conftantly kept clear from 
weeds, and when any part of the ground is unoccu- 
pied, it fhouid always be trenched up into ridges, that 
it may fweeten and imbibe the nitrous particles of the 
air, which is of great advantage to all forts of land, 
and the ground will then be ready to lay down when- 
ever it is wanted. 
The ground in thefe quarters fhouid not be fown or 
planted with the fame crop two years together, but 
the crops fhouid be annually changed, whereby they 
will prove much better than when they conftantly grow 
upon the, fame fpot. Indeed the kitchen-gardeners 
near London, where the land is dear, are often obliged 
to put the lame crop upon the ground for two or 
three years together ; but then they dig and manure 
K N A 
their land io well every year, as to render it alrnoft 
new ; though notwkhftanding all this, it is conftantly 
obferved, that frefh land always produces the belt 
crops. 
In one of thefe quarters, which is fituated neareft to 
the (tables, and beft defended from the cold winds ; 
or if either of the flips, without the garden wall, which 
is well expofed to the fun, lies convenient, and is of 
a proper width, that fhouid be preferred for a place 
to make hot-beds for early Cucumbers, Melons, &c. 
The reafons for my giving the preference to one of 
thele flips, is, firft, there will be no dirt or litter 
carried over the walks of the Kitchen-garden in winter 
and fpring, when the weather is generally wet, fo that 
the walks will be rendered unfightly ; ieconclly, the 
view of the hot-beds will be excluded from fight ; and 
laftly, the convenience of carrying the dung into thefe 
flips, for by making of a gate in the hedge, or pale, 
wide enough for a fmall cart to enter, it may be done 
with much lefs trouble than that of barrowing it thro 5 
the garden ; and where there can be a flip long enough 
to contain a fufficient number of beds for two or three 
years, it will be of great ufe ; becaufe by the (hitting 
of the beds annually, they will fucceed much better 
than when they are continued for a number of years 
on the fame ipot of ground ; and as it will be abfo- 
lutely neceffary to fence this Melon-ground round 
with a Reed-hedge, it may be fo contrived as to move 
away in pannels ; and then that hedge which was on 
the upper fide the firft year, being carried down to a 
proper diftance below that which was the lower hedp-e, 
and which may remain, there will be no occafion°to 
remove more than one of the crofs hedges in a year; 
therefore I am perfuaded, whoever will make trial of 
this method, will find it the moft eligible. 
The moft important points of general culture confift 
in well digging and manuring the foil, and giving a 
proper diftance to each planC according to their dif- 
rent growths (which is conftantly exhibited in their 
feveral articles in this book) as alfo in keeping them 
clear from weeds ; for if weeds aae permitted to grow 
until their feeds are ripe, they will fhed upon the 
ground, and fill it fo as not to be gotten out again in 
feveral years. You fhouid alfo obferve to keep your 
dunghills always clear from weeds, for it will be to 
litte purpofe to keep the garden clean, if this is not 
obferved ; for the leeds falling among the dung, will 
be brought into the garden, v/hereby there will be a 
conftant fupply of weeds yearly introduced, to the no 
fmall damage of your plants, and a perpetual labour 
occafioned to extirpate them again. Another thing 
which is abfolutely neceffary to be obferved, is, to car- 
ry off all the refufe leaves of Cabbages, the (talks of 
Beans and haulm of Peafe, as foon as they are done 
with, for the ill feent which moft people complain of 
in the Kitchen-gardens, is wholly occafioned by thefe 
things being buffered to rot upon the ground ; there- 
fore when the Cabbages are cut, all leaves fhouid be 
carried out of the garden while they are frefh, at 
which time they may be very ufeful for feeding of 
hogs, or other animals, and this will always keep the 
garden neat and free from ill (cents. As for all other 
neceffary direftions, they will be found in the articles 
of the feveral forts of kitchen plants, which renders it 
needlefs to be repeated in this place. 
KLEINI A. See Cacalia. 
K N A U T I A. Lin. Gen. Plant. 109. Lychni-Scabiofa. 
Boerh. Ind. 1. 13 1. 
This name was applied to this plant by Dr. Linnaeus, 
in honour of the memory of Dr. Chriftian Knaut, who 
publifhed a method of clafting plants. 
The Characters are, 
It hath a 'fmgle oblong empalement , containing feveral flofi- 
cular flowers , which are ranged fo as to appear regular , 
but each irregular , having ttibes the length of the empale- 
ment , but are cut at the brim into four irregular fegments , 
the cuter being the biggeft ; it hath four fiamina the 
length of the tube , inferted in the receptacle , terminated by 
oblong incumbent fummits ; and a germen under the petal , 
fupporting a fender ftyle., crowned by a thick bifid fiigma , 
which 
/ 
& 
