K N A 
which afterward becomes a four-cornered feed with a hairy 
apex. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fedtion of 
Linnaeus’s fourth clafs, intitled Tetrandria Monogy- 
nia, the flowers having four ftamina and one ftyle. 
The Species are, 
1. Knautia {Orient alls) foliis omnibus pinnatifidis, co- 
rollls calyce longioribus. Lin. Sp. App. 1679. Knau- 
tia with all the leaves wing- pointed, and the petal longer 
than the empalement. Lychni-fcabiofa, fiore rubro, 
annua. Boerh. Ind. alt. 
2. Knautia (Propontica) foliis fuperioribus lanceolatis 
indivifis, corollis calyce aequalibus. Lin. Sp. App. 
1666. Knautia whofe upper leaves are fpear-fhaped and 
whole , and the petal of the flower equal to the empale- 
ment. Scabiofa Orientalis viilofa, fiore fuaverubente, 
fruciu pulchro oblongo. Tourn. Cor. 35. 
Thefe plants are natives of the Eaft, they are both 
annual ; the firft has been long cultivated in the Eng- 
liftt gardens-, this rifeswithan eretft branching ftalk four 
feet high, garni ftied with wing-pointed leaves ; the 
branches are terminated by Angle foot-ftalks, each flip- 
porting one flower, having a tubular empalement cut 
into four fegrnents at the top, and each contain four flo- 
rets of a bright red colour, cut into four unequal feg- 
ments, the outer being much larger than the other ; 
thefe have four ftamina the length of the tube of the pe- 
tal, terminated by oblong fummits and the flowers 
are fucceeded by oblong four-cornered feeds, which, 
when ripe, foon fall out of the cup if they are not ga- 
thered. 
The fecond fort differs from the firft in its upper leaves 
being whole, and the petal of the flower being equal 
to the cup. The lower leaves of this are fawed on 
their edges, and terminate in acute points. 
Thefe plants propagate eafily ; if their feeds are 
permitted to fcatter in the autumn, the plants will 
come up foon after ; and if fome of thefe are planted 
in the borders of the pleafure-garden, or among low 
fhrubs near the walks in Qbtober, the plants will 
live through the winter, and flower in June ; fo their 
feeds will ripen the end of July or beginning of Au- 
guft, therefore require no other culture but to keep 
them clean from weeds. 
KNIGHTS CROSS, or SCARLET CROSS, 
is the Scarlet Lychnis. See Lychnis. 
LAB 
ABIATE FLOWERS are fuch as have 
lips, or more properly a labiated flower, is 
- an irregular monopetalous flower, divided into 
two lips ; the upper is called the creft, the un- 
der the beard fometimes the creft is wanting, and 
then the ftyle and chives fupply its place, as in the 
Ground Pihe, Scordium, Bugula, &c. but the greateft 
part have two lips, which, in fome fpecies the upper 
lip is turned upwards, as the Ground Ivy, &c. but 
molt ufuafly the upper lip is convex above, and turns 
the hollow part down to the lower lip, and fo repre- 
len ts a kind of helmet, or monk’s hood, from whence 
thefe are called galeate, cucullate, and galericulate 
flowers, in which form are moft of the verticillate 
plants. 
LABLAB. See Phaseolus. 
LABRUM VENERIS. See Dipsacus. 
LABRUSCA. See Vitis. 
LABURNUM. SeeCYTisus. 
LABI RINTH [Aafqpi/0© j ,] a winding, mazy, 
and intricate turning to and fro, through a wildernefs 
or a wood. 
' The defign of a Labyrinth is, to caufe an intricate 
and difficult labour to find out the center, and the 
aim is, to make the walks fo intricate, that a perfon 
may lofe himfelf in them, and meet with as great a 
number of flops and difappointments as is poffible, 
they being the moft valuable that are moft intricate. 
As to the contrivance of them, it will not be poffible 
to give directions in words, there are feveral plans and 
deflgns in books of gardening ; they are rarely met 
with but in great and noble gardens, as Hampton- 
court, &c. 
There are two ways of making them, the firft is with 
Angle hedges ; this method has been pradtifed in Eng- 
land. Thefe, indeed, may be beft, where there is but 
a fm.all ipot of ground to be allowed for the making 
LAC 
them, but where there is ground enough, the double 
are moft eligible. 
Double ones, or thofe that are made with doubls 
hedges of a confiderable thicknefs of wood between 
hedge and hedge, are approved as much better than 
Angle ones, as is the manner of making them in 
France, and other places, of all which, that of Ver- 
failles is allowed by all to be the nobleft of its kind in 
the world. 
It is an error in Labyrinths in making them too nar- 
row, for by that means the hedges muft be kept clofe 
clipped whereas, if the walks are made wider, ac- 
cording to the foreign practice, they will not ftand in 
fo much need of it. 
The walks are made with gravel, and the hedges are 
ufually fet with Hornbeams ; the pallifades ought to 
be ten, twelve, or fourteen feet high ; the Hornbeam 
ffiould be kept cut, and the walks rolled. 
LACRYMA JOBI [fo called, becaufe the feed 
of it refembles a tear, or drop.] Job’s Tears. See 
Coix. 
LAC TIFEROUS P LAN T S are fuch as abound 
with a milky juice, as the Euphorbia, Sonchus, Lac- 
tuca, &c. 
LACTUCA. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 473. tab. 267. 
Lin. Gen. Plant. 814. [fo called from lac, Lat. 
milk, becaufe the leaves, ftalks, flower, and branch, 
being broken, plentifully emit a milk, or white milky 
juice, quickly turning yellow and bitterilh.] Lettuce 5 
in French, Laitue. 
The Characters are, 
The flowers are compofed of feveral hermaphrodite florets, 
inclofled in one flcaly oblong empalement ; thefe lie over each 
other like the flcales of fifh. The florets have one petals 
which is ftretched cut on one fide like a tongue , and is 
flightly indented at the end in three or four parts % thefe 
have each five fhort hairy ftamina ; ' the oval germen flip- 
7 Q ports 
\ 
tU 
