L A N 
virtue ; but I fear I may have incurred. the cenfureof 
many for this digteffion but, be it as it will, I could 
not omit it, when it fo properly came in my way ; 
and as it is from a fmcere love and regard to my 
country, that I have mentioned this, fo it may be hoped, 
that if any harfh expreffion has been ufed, it will be 
forgiven. But to return to my 1 abject •, as the quan- 
tity" of Land now in tillage is very great in England, 
from the deftrufition of woods, the ploughing up of 
downs, the inclofmg of commons, &c. fo that, unlefs 
there happens a failure in the crops of Corn in great 
part of England, the markets muft be fo low, as that 
the farmer will always find it difficult to fupport his 
family, and pay his rent ; the firft muft be done, let 
the landlord fare as he will, for the farmers know, 
that when the farms are occupied by the landlords, 
few of them can make the produce of the Land and 
pay then* expence, lo that the whale rent of the farm 
* is often funk, beftde the trouble and fatigue of 
managing the farms •, and it is greatly to be feared, 
from the prefent condition of the farmers in general, 
that many landlords will be obliged to undertake 
this difagreeable affair, which will be the more fo, 
as their Lands will be left without ftock, and the foil 
exhaufted, and overgrown with weeds, which will 
require fome years to put into proper condition, and 
will be attended with great expence. 
The extraordinary price which Corn bore fome years 
fince, tempted the farmers to break up the downs 
in many parts of England ; and the landlords v/ere 
brought to comply with the requeft of the farmer, 
for the fake of a little advance of the rent, not 
confidering the future confequence of it ; fo that 
hereby, great extents of downs have been ruined, 
and not likely to be recovered again ; for the foil 
in many places was not more than four br five 
inches deep, upon beds of flint or chalk, which, 
in ploughing, were turned up on the furface, and 
the little foil which covered them, was in a few 
years fo much exhaufted, as not to produce the quan- 
tity of grain which was fown upon them ; and as there 
was no probability of procuring dreffing for the 
Lands, the farmers have been obliged to throw them 
up, which now lie wafte, and appear like quarries 
of flints, or beds of chalk, without Grafs, or almoft 
any other plant growing upon them. By this paf- 
fion for ploughing, the farmers have lefiened their 
ftock of cattle, and, of confequence, their quantity 
of manure has been lefiened in proportion, fo that 
they have either been obliged to purchafe dreffing at 
a great expence, or deftroy their Lands of their ve- 
getative quality : by the former method, when grain 
bears a low price, the farmer is ruined, and by the 
latter, every one muft know what will be the con- 
fequence to both tenant and landlord •, therefore it 
is a matter of great concern to the proprietors of 
Lands, to fee that no more ground in their farms 
is kept in tillage, than the tenant can fupply with 
dreffing, fo as to maintain the Land in heart ; and 
that a proper ftock of cattle be kept up, in pro- 
portion to the fize of the farms, which cannot be done 
where there is not a proportion of pafture kept to that 
of the arable Land in each farm. There are many 
perfons, who, by a miftake in the article of inclofmg 
Lands, are likely to fall into a great error, by fup- 
pofing, that the inclofing of commons will be a 
great advantage to their eftates, and perhaps there 
may be tenants on their eftates, who may encourage 
the gentlemen fo to do, from a prefent intereft of their 
own •, but wherever this has been done, the eftates 
have foon fallen in their rents, much lower than the 
addition made by inclofing the commons, which muft 
always be the cafe ; for if there is not common pafture, 
where the farmers can turn out their cattle in hum- 
mer, it cannot be fuppofed they can keep up a ftock 
of live cattle upon their inclofed pafture ; fo that, al- 
though the dividing and inclofing the Lands in the 
common fields would be a very great benefit, yet the 
deftroying of pafture commons would on the other 
extreme be a national difadvantage and lofs. There 
L A N 
are many other particulars, which might be here 
enumerated, to fhew the caufe of the low condition of 
the farmers in general but thefe few hints may 
probably lead fome perfons of abler heads to the con- 
fideration of this affair,, io i fha.ll not enlarge upon 
them here. 
LANIGEROUS TREES are fuch as bear a 
woolly or downy fubftance, as is commonly contained 
in the katkins of Willows, &c. 
LANTAN A. Lin. Gen. Plant. 683. Camara. Plum. 
Nov. Gen. 32. tab. 2. American Viburnum, or Ca- 
mara. 
The Characters are, 
The empalement of the f ewer is cut into four fegments. 
The flower is monopet aims, of an irregular fhape , having 
a cylindrical tube , which extends beyond the empalement , 
and is flpread open at the brim , where it is divided into 
five fegments. In the center of the flower is ftuated the 
pointal , fupporting a crooked ftigma , attended by four 
jlamina , two being longer than the other. The pointal 
afterward changes to a roundifh fruit , opening into two 
cells , and inclofmg a roundifh feed. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond feclion 
of Linnaeus's fourteenth ciafs, intitled Didynamia 
Angiofpermia, which includes thofe plants whofe 
flowers have two long and two ffiarter ftamina, and 
the feeds are inclofed in the capfule. 
The Species are, 
1. Lantana ( Aculeata ) foliis oppofitis, caule aculeato 
ramofo, floribus capitato-umbellatis. Lin, Sp. 874. 
Lantana with leaves growing cppof.te , a branching prickly 
fialk , and umbellated flowers growing in heads. Vibur- 
num Americanum odoratum, urticae foliis latioribus 
fpinofum, floribus miniatis. Pluk. Aim. 285. tab. 
223. Sweet prickly American Viburnum , with broad Net- 
tle leaves , and carmine flowers. 
2. Lantana ( [Tnerma ) caule inermi, foliis lanceo- 
latis dentatis alternis, floribus corymbolis. Lanta- 
na with a fmooth fialk , flpear-floaped indented leaves 
placed alternate , and flowers growing in round bunches . 
Periclymenum rectum, falvise foliis majoribus ob- 
longis, mucronatis, fubtus villofis, alternatim fitis, 
flore & frufitu minoribus. Sloan. Cat. Jam. 164. Up- 
right Hoyieyfluckle with larger , oblongs acute-pointed Sage 
leaves , which are hairy on their under fide , placed alter- 
nate , and a frnaller flower and fruit. 
3. Lantana (. Lanuginofa ) caule ramofo lanuginofo, fo- 
liis orbiculatis crenatis oppofitis, floribus capitatis. 
Lantana with a hairy branching fialk , round crenated 
leaves placed oppofite , and flowers collected in heads. 
Periclymenum refit urn, falviae folio rugofo minore, 
fubrotundo. Cat. Jam. 164. Upright Honey fuckle with 
a flmaller rough roundifh leaf. 
4. Lantana ( Trifolia ) foliis terms, caule inermi fpicis 
oblongis imbricatis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 873. Lantana 
with leaves placed by threes round the fialk, without 
[pines, and oblong imbricated J pikes of flowers. Ca- 
mara trifolia, purpurafeente flore. Plum. Nov. 
Gen. 32. Three-leaved Camara, with a purplijh 
flower. 
5. Lantana ( Urticafolia ) caule aculeato, foliis oblongo- 
cordatis ferratis oppofitis, floribus corymbofis. Lantana 
with a prickly fialk, oblong, h ear t-Jh aped flawed, leaves , 
and flowers growing in a corymbus. Periclymenum rec- 
tum urticas folio hirfuto majore, flore fiavo. Sloan. 
Cat. Jam. 163. Upright Honeyfuckle with a larger Net- 
tle leaf, and a yellow flower. 
6 . Lantana ( Camara ) caule inermi, foliis ovato-lan- 
ceolatis, ferratis, rugofis, floribus capitatis lanuginofis. 
Lantana with a fmooth fialk, oval \ fpear-Jhaped, rough , 
fazved leaves , and flowers growing in woolly heads. Pe- 
riclymenum refit um, falviae folio rugofo, majore, fub- 
rotundo & bullato. Sloan. Cat. Jam. 163. Upright 
Honeyfuckle with a large, rough. Sage leaf, which is 
roundifh and ftudded. 
7. Lantana ( Bulla t a ) foliis oblongo-ovatis acumina- 
tis ferratis rugofis alternis, floribus capitatis. Lantana 
with oblong, oval-pointed , flawed leaves , which are rough, 
placed alternate , and flowers growing hi heads. Pericly- 
menum refit um, falvise folio rugofo, minore, bullato, 
7 Of. flore 
