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of the flowers, is properly and fuccefsfully given to 
women in hard labour ; and the diftilled water of the 
leaves is of great ufe in diftempers of the lungs. 
The white Lily with dependent flower's, was origi- 
nally brought from Conftantinople. This is by fome 
fuppofed to be only a variety of the common fort, but 
is undoubtedly a cl ill in et fpecies ; the ftalk is much 
flenderer than the common, the leaves are narrower 
and fewer in number-, the flowers are not quite fo 
large, and the petals are more contracted at their 
bale ; thele always hang downward, whereas thefe of 
the common fort grow eretft. The ft a Iks of this kind 
fometimes are very broad and flat, and appear as if 
two or three were .joined together ; when this hap- 
pens, they fuftain from fixty to a hundred flowers, 
and fometimes more ; this has occafloned many to 
think it a different fort, who have mentioned this 
with broad {talks and many flowers as a diftinct fpe- 
des, though it is accidental, for the fame root fcarce 
ever produces the fame two years. 
Thele forts are eafily propagated by offsets, which 
the roots fend out in io great plenty, as to make it 
neceffary to take them off every other, or at moft 
every third year, to prevent their weakening the prin- 
cipal roots. The time for removing the roots is at 
the end of Auguft, foon after the ftalks decay, for if 
they are left longer in the ground, they will foon put 
out new fibres and leaves, when it will be improper 
to remove them, becaufe that will prevent their 
flowering the following fummer. They will thrive in 
almoft any foil or fituation, and as they grow tall 
and fpread, fo they muft be allowed room therefore 
in ftp all gardens they take up too much fpace, but in 
large borders they are very ornamental. 
The common Orange or red Lily, is as well known in 
the Englifh gardens as the white Lily, and has been 
as long cultivated here. This grows naturally in 
Auftria and fome parts of Italy. This fort multiplies 
very fail by offsets from the roots, and is now fo 
common, as to be almoft rejected ; however, in large 
gardens thefe fliould not be wanting, for they make 
a good appearance when in flower, if they are pro- 
perly dilpofed. Of this fort there are the following 
varieties : 
The Orange Lily with double flowers. 
The Orange Lily with variegated leaves. 
The fmaller Orange Lily. 
Thefe varieties have been obtained by culture, and 
are preferved in the gardens of florifts. They all 
flower in June and July, and their ftalks decay in Sep- 
tember, when the roots may be tranfplanted, and their 
offsets taken off, which fhould be done once in two 
or three years, otherwife their bunches will ‘be too 
large, and the flower-ftalks weak. This doth not 
put out new leaves till toward fpring, fo that the 
roots may be tranfplanted at any time after the ftalks 
decay till near Chriftmas. It will thrive in any foil or 
fituation, but will be ftrongeft in a foft gentle loam 
not too moift. 
The bulb-bearing fiery Lily feldom rifes much more 
than half the height of the former •, the leaves are nar- 
rower, the flowers are fmaller, and of a brighter 
flame colour ^ they are few in number, and ftand 
more erect. Thefe come out a month before the 
common fort, and the ftalks put out bulbs at moft of 
the joints, which, if taken off, when the ftalks de- 
cay, and planted, will produce plants, fo that it may 
be propagated in plenty. There are feveral varieties 
of this, which are mentioned as diftinft fpecies, but 
are fuppofed to have been produced by culture. 
Thefe are, 
The greater broad-leaved bulb-bearing Lily. 
The many-flowered bulb-bearing Lily. 
The fmall bulb-bearing Lily. 
The hoary bulb-bearing Lily. 
All thefe forts of Lilies will thrive under the (hade 
of trees, fo may be introduced in plantations, and on 
the borders of woods, where they will have a good 
effedt during the time they are in flower. 
There is a great variety of the Martagon Lily*, 
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thefe differ from the common Lilies, in having their 
petals renexed backward, in form of a Turk’s turbant, 
from whence many give them the title of Turk’s Gap. 
In the gardens of the florifts, particularly thofe . in 
Holland, they make a great variety of thefe flowers, 
amounting to the number of thirty or upward but 
in the Englifh gardens, I have not obferved more 
than half that number, and moft of thefe are acci- 
dentafe for thofe before enumerated, are all that I think 
may be fuppofed fpecifically different. However, for 
the fake of luch as are curious in colledting thefe forts 
of flowers, I fhall here mention all thofe varieties 
which are to be found in the Englifh gardens. \ 
The common Martagon with double flowers. 
The white Martagon. 
The double white Martagon. 
The white fpotted Martagon. 
The Imperial Martagon. 
The early fcarlet Martagon. 
The Conftantinople Vermillion Martagon. 
The common Martagon with red flowers, which is 
the fifth fort before enumerated, has very narrow 
leaves, growing without order. The {talk rifes near 
three feet high, fuftaining at the top eight or ten 
bright red flowers, which ftand at a diftance from 
each other. Thefe appear in June, and the ftalks de- 
cay in Auguft, foon after which time the roots may 
be tranfplanted. 
The fixth fort is called Martagon of Pompony •, the 
ftalks of this rife higher than thofe of the former, the 
leaves are fhorter, and fet clofer upon the ftalks e^ch 
of thefe ftalks fuftain from fifteen to thirty flowers., 
of a very bright red, approaching to fcarlet. The 
foot-ftalks of the flowers are very long, fo that the 
head of flowers fpreads out very wide ; thefe hang 
downward, but their petals are reflexed quite back. 
This flowers foon after the fifth fort. 
The feventh fort is commonly known by the title of 
Scarlet Martagon this rifes with a ftalk from three 
to four feet high the leaves are much broader than 
thofe of the former forts, and appear as if they were 
edged with white ; they are placed very clofely upon 
the ftalks, but without any order. The flowers are 
produced at the top of the ftalk j they are of a bright 
fcarlet, and are feldom more than five or fix in num- 
ber. This flowers late in July, and in cool feafons 
will continue in beauty great part of Auguft. 
The eighth fort rifes with a ftrong ftalk from four 
to five feet high, garnifhed with leaves as broad as 
thofe of the laft mentioned, which ftand without or- 
der i the flowers are produced in form of a pyramid, 
on the upper part of the ftalk. When the roots of 
this kind are ftrong, they produce forty or fifty 
flowers upon each ftalk ; they are large, of a yellow 
colour, fpotted with dark fpots, fo make a fine ap- 
pearance ; but the flowers have fo difagreeable ftrong 
fcent, that few penfons can endure to be near them, 
which has occafioned their being thrown out of moft: 
Englifh gardens. This flowers the latter end of June. 
The ninth fort is frequently called the Purple Marta- 
gon, though in moft of the old gardens it is known 
Amply by the title of Turk’s Cap. This rifes with a 
ftrong ftalk from three to four feet high, garnifhed 
by pretty broad leaves, which ftand in whorls round 
the ftalk, at certain diftances. The flowers are of 
a dark purpliih colour, with fome fpots of black ; they 
are produced in loofe fpikes on the top of the ftalks. 
This flowers in June the flowers of this fort have a 
very difagreeable odour when near, but it is not fo 
offenfive as the former fort. 
The tenth fort is very like the former, but the leaves 
are narrower * the whorls ftand farther afunder, the 
leaves and ftalks are fomewhat hairy, and the buds 
of the flowers are covered with a foft down : the 
flowers are of a brighter colour with few fpots, and 
come out earlier in the fummer, though the ftalks ap- 
pear much later above ground. This flowers early in 
June, and the ftalks decay in Auguft. 
The eleventh fort is commonly called the CanadaMar- 
tagon, as it was ftrft brought to Europe from thence, 
bu; 
