L I M 
carefully taken up, preferring feme earth to their 
roots, and in hot weather to fhade them till they 
have taken new root ^ after which time they will re- 
quire no other culture but to keep the ground clean 
from weeds, and in the fpring to fti-r up the ground 
between them to loofen it. As thefe plants do not 
.require much culture, nor do they take up much 
room, fo a few of each fort may be allowed to have 
a place in gardens, where there is room, for the fake 
of variety. Thefe plants do not propagate very fait 
in gardens, fo the roots need not be removed oftener 
than every third or fourth year, at which time they 
may be dipped to increafe them ; the belt time for 
this is in the autumn, that the plants may be well 
rooted before the fpring, otherwife they will not 
flower very fcrong the following fummer. They 
fhould be planted in a loamy foil, on an eaft af- 
peded border, where they may enjoy the morning 
fun, but fcreened from the great heat in the middle 
of the day •, in filch a fituation the roots will con- 
tinue feveral years, and flower as well as in their 
native foil. 
Thefe plants may alfo be propagated by feeds, fo 
that fuch of them as do not grow naturally in Eng- 
land, may be obtained by procuring their feeds from 
abroad. Thefe fhould be fown upon a border ex- 
pofed to the morning fun, and on a foft loamy foil, 
early in the fpring, for the feeds lie a conflderable 
time in the ground before the plant comes up ; 
therefore the ground muft be kept entirely clean from 
weeds, and if the feafon fhould prove very dry, the 
border fhould be watered two or three, times a week, 
otherwife the feeds will lie a whole year before they 
'vegetate-, when the plants come up, they muft be 
kept clean from weeds, and in^ery dry weather wa- 
tered, and in the autumn they may be tranfplanted 
where they are defigned to remain. 
The flxth and eighth forts are biennial plants, which 
rarely perfed their feeds in England, fo that unlefs 
frefh feeds can be procured from warm countries, 
where they, ripen well, it will be very difficult to 
continue the forts. If the feeds of thefe can be ob- 
tained time enough to fow them in the autumn, the 
plants will come up the following fpring ; but when 
they are fown in the fpring, they feldom grow the 
fame year. Thefe feeds fhould be fown on a border 
of loamy earth, not ftiff or moift, and expofed to the 
fouth-, but when the fun is warm, the border fhould 
be fhaded with mats, to prevent the earth from dry- 
ing too faft. When the plants come up, they muft 
be kept clean from weeds ; and if they are too clofe, 
fome of them fhould be carefully taken out as foon 
as they are fit to remove, and planted in fmall pots, 
placing them in the fhade till they have taken new 
root then they may be placed where they may en- 
joy the morning fun till autumn, when they fhould 
be put into a hot -bed frame, where they may be 
fcreened from hard froft, but enjoy the free air in 
mild weather ; and thofe plants which are left in the 
border where they were fown, muft be covered with 
mats in hard froft ; for though they will often live 
through the winter in mild feafons, yet hard froft 
will always deftroy them. The following fummer 
the plants will flower, and if the feafon proves warm 
and dry, they will ripen feeds, and the roots foon af- 
ter decay. 
The fetenth and twelfth forts are fhrubby plants, 
which are too tender to live through the winter in the 
open air in England, fo the plants muft be removed 
into fhelter in the autumn, but they only require pro- 
tection from hard froft : thefe plants may be placed 
with Myrtles, Oleanders, and other hardy green-houfe 
plants, where they often continue to flower great 
part of winter, and make a pretty variety. Thefe 
forts are eafily propagated by cuttings, which, if 
planted in July on a fhady border, and duly watered, 
will take root in fix or feven weeks, when they fhould 
be taken up and planted into pots filled with light 
loamy earth, placing them in the fhade till they 
have taken root then they may be expofed till Oc- 
LIN 
tober, at which time they muft be removed into 
fhelter. 
The eleventh fort is annual, and rarely ripens feeds 
here, fo thefe muft be procured from abroad, and 
lowed Jn the fame way as' the fixth and eighth forts. 
LIN ARIA. To urn. In ft. R. H. 168. tab. 76. An- 
tirrhinum, Lin. Gen. Plant. 668. [fo called of Li- 
num, Lat. flax, becaufe its leaves referable flax. I 
Toad-flax-, in French, Linaire. 
The Characters are, 
T'be. flower hath a permanent empalement of one leaf, \ 
divided into five parts almofi to the bottom/ -The flower 
hath one petal. , and is of the ringent {or grinning) kind , 
with an oblong [welling tube , having two lips above, with 
the chaps flout. The upper lip is bifid' and reflexed on 
the fides , the lower lip is trifid and obtufle . It hath an 
oblong nediarium , which is awl-floaped and prominent be- 
hind, and four ftamina, which are included in the upper 
lip, two of which are floor ter than the other , and a rmind- 
ifi germen fupporting a fingle flyle , crowned by an obtufle 
fligma. The germen afterward turns to a roundiflo obtufle 
capfule with two cells, filled with j mall feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fourth fedion 
of Tournefort’s third clafs, which includes the herbs 
with a tubulous, anomalous, perfonated flower, of 
one petal. Dr. Linnaeus joins this, genus, and’alfo 
the Afarina of Tournefort to the Antirrhinum, and 
places' that genus in the fecond fedion of his 
fourteenth clafs, in which are contained the plants 
whofe flowers have two long and two fhort ftamina, 
and the feeds are included in a capfule. The plants 
of this genus agree in their general charaders with 
thofe of the Antirrhinum, or Calve’s Snout, except in 
one particular, which is in the nedarium of the Li- 
naria, which, from the bafe of the petal, ftretches out 
like a heel ; whereas the flowers of the Antirrhinum, 
have their nedarium lodged withinfide the bafe of 
the petal : this being fo very obvious, and both ge- 
nera having many fpecies, I thought it might be ea- 
fier for ftudents in botany to range them under dif- 
ferent genera, than to join them under one. 
The Species are, 
1. Linaria ( Vulgaris ) foliis lanceolato-linearibus con- 
fertis caule credo, fpicis terminalibus feffilibus. 
Toad-flax with flpear-Jhaped linear leaves growing in 
cluflers , and an upright fialk terminated by j pikes of . 
flowers , fitting clofe to the fialk. Linaria vulgaris lu- 
tea, flore majore. C. B. P. 212. Common yellow Toad- 
flax with a larger flower. 
2. Linaria {Triphylla) foliis ternis ovatis. Toadflax 
with oval leaves placed by threes. Linaria triphylla 
minor lutea. C. B. P. 212. Smaller three-leaved yellow 
Toadflax. 
3. Linaria ( Lufltanica ) foliis quaternis lanceolatis, 
caule eredo ramofo, floribus pedunculatis. Toadflax 
with flpear-Jhaped leaves placed by fours , an upright 
branching fialk, and flowers upon footflalks. Linaria 
latiffimo folio Lufltanica. H. R. Par. Broadeft-leaved 
Portugal Toadflax. 
4. Linaria ( Alpina ) foliis fubquaternis linearibus caule 
diffufo, floribus racemofis. T oadflax with linear leaves 
placed by fours on the lozver part of the fialk, a diffufed 
ftalk and branching flowers. Linaria quadrifolia fupina. 
C. B. P. 213. Low four-leaved Toadflax. 
5. Linaria ( Purpurea ) foliis lanceolato-linearibus fpar- 
fis, caule florifero eredo fpicato. T oadflax with flpear- 
Jhaped linear leaves , and the flower -fialks erect and [piked. 
Linaria purpurea major odorata. C. B. P. 2 1 3. Greater 
Jweet-fcented purple Toadflax. 
6 . Linaria ( Repens ) foliis linearibus confertis, caule 
eredo ramofo, floribus fpicatis terminalibus. Toadflax 
with linear leaves in cluflers, an eredt ' branching ftalk , 
and flowers in [pikes terminating the ftalks. Linaria cse- 
rulea, foliis brevioribus & anguitioribus. Raii Syn. 
3. 282. Blue Toadflax zvith [sorter and narrower leaves. 
7. Linaria ( Multicaulis ) foliis inferioribus quinis li- 
nearibus. Toadflax with linear leaves, placed by fives at 
the lower part of the ftalks. Linaria Sicula multicaulis, 
folio molluginis. Bocc. Rar. 38. Sicilian Toadflax with 
many ftalks and a Bedflraw leaf. 
8 . Li- 
