8. Linaria (T riflis) foliis laneeolatis fparfts, inferiori- 
bus oppofitis, netrariis fubulatis, floribus fubfeffili- 
bus. T oad-flax with fpear-Jhaped fparfed leaves , which j 
on the lower part of the fialk are oppofite , awl- [h aped 
neUarium , and flowers fitting almofi clofle. Linaria Hif- 
panica procumbens, foliis uncialibus glaucis, fiore 
ftavefcente pulchre ftriato, iabiis nigro-purpureis. 
Aft. Phil. N°4i2. 'Trailing Spaniflo 'Toad-flax with gray 
leaves an inch long , yellow flowers beautifully firiped , and 
dark purple lips. 
9. Linaria ( Monfpefulana ) foliis linearibus confertis, 
caule nitido paniculato, pedunculis fpicatis nudis. 
T bad-flax with linear leaves in clufters , a paniculated ftalk, 
and flowers in fpikes on naked foot -ftalks. Linaria capil- 
laceo folio, odora. C. B. P. 213. Sweet Toad-flax with 
hair-like leaves. 
10. Linaria ( Villofa ) foliis laneeolatis hirtis alternis, 
floribus fpicatis, foliolo calycino fupremo maximo. 
Toad-flax with alternate , hairy, fpear-Jhaped leaves , 
flowers in fpikes , and the upper leaf of the empalement 
very large. Linaria latifolia villofa, laciniis calycinis 
insequalibus, flore majore pallido ftriato riftu aureo. 
Horteg. Icon. Broad-leaved, hairy Toad-flax , whofe em- 
palement is unequally cut , and a large pale ftriped flower 
with a golden fnout. 
11. Linaria (P elijferiana) foliis caulinis linearibus fpar- 
fts, radicalibus rotundis. Toad-flax with linear leaves 
placed fparfedly on the ftalks , and on the lower leaves round. 
Linaria annua purpureo violacea, calcaribus longis, 
foliis imis rotundioribus. Vaill. Bot. Par. 118. An- 
nual purple Violet Toad-flax , with long fpurs and rounder 
leaves at bottom. 
12. Linaria ( Chalepenfis ) foliis lineari-lanceolatis alter- 
nis, floribus racemofls, calycibus corolla longioribus. 
T oad-flax with linear fpear-floaped leaves placed alternate , 
branching flowers , and empalement s longer than the petals. 
Linaria annua anguftifolia, flofculis albis, longius 
caudatis. Triump. 87. Narrow-leaved annual Toadflax, 
with white flowers having long tails. 
13. Linaria ( Dalmatica ) foliis laneeolatis alternis, 
caule fuffruticofo. Toad-flax with fpear-Jhaped alternate 
leaves , and an under fhrub ftalk. Linaria latifolia Dal- 
matica, magno flore. C. B. P. 212. Broad-leaved T oad- 
flax of Dalmatia with a large flower. 
14. Linaria ( Geniftifolia ) foliis laneeolatis acuminatis, 
panicula virgata. Toad-flax with fpear-Jhaped acute- 
pointed leaves , and a rod-like panicle. Linaria geniftse 
folio glauco, fiore luteo. Par. Bat. App. 9. T oad-flax 
with a gray Dyer's Weed leaf and a yellow flower. 
15. Linaria ( Spuria ) foliis ovatis alternis, caule fiac- 
cido procumbente. Toadflax with oval leaves placed 
alternate , and a weak trailing ftalk. Elatine folio fub- 
rotundo. C. B. P. 253. Fluellin with a roundijh leaf. 
1 6 . Linaria ( Elatina ) foliis haftatis alternis, caule 
fiaccido procumbente. Toadflax with arrow-pointed 
leaves placed alternate , and a weak trailing ftalk. Ela- 
tine folio acuminata. C. B. P. 253. Fluellin with an 
acute-pointed leaf. 
1 7. Linaria ( Cymbalaria ) foliis cordatis quinqueloba- 
tis alternis glabris. Toadflax with keart-Jhaped leaves 
having five lobes , which are alternate and flnooth. Li- 
naria hederaceo folio glabro, feu Cymbalaria vulga- 
ris. Tourn. Xnft. R. EL 169. Toadflax with a fmooth 
Ivy leaf or common Cymbalaria. 
There are feveral other fpecies of this genus which 
are well known and deferibed, which are of lefs note, 
fo are very rarely admitted into gardens, for which 
reafon I have not enumerated them here. 
The firft of thefe plants grows in great plenty upon 
the fides of dry banks in moft parts of England, and 
is feldom cultivated in gardens •, for it is a very trou- 
blefome plant to keep within bounds, the roots being 
very apt to fpread under ground, and rife at a great 
diftance from the mother plant, whereby it greatly in- 
jures whatever plants ftand near it. This is one of 
the plants mentioned in the catalogue of fimples at 
the end of the College Difpenfatory, to be ufed in 
medicine. 
This hath a great number of {lender white roots, 
which creep far on every fide, from which arife fe- 
veraj ereft branching ftalks a foot and a half high, 
garnifhed with narrow gray leaves in clufters, and 
terminated by fpikes of yellow flowers, fitting clofe 
to the ftalk. The flowers are of one petal, with a 
long tube, to which is fixed a fpur or heel, called a 
neftarium ; the fore parts of the flower has the ap- 
pearance of the mouth of an animal, the under lip is 
hairy within j the chaps are of a golden colour, but 
the other parts of the flower are of a pale yellow 5 
thefe are lucceeded by roundilh. capfules with two 
cells, filled with flat black feeds. It flowers in July 
and Auguft, when it makes a pretty appearance, io 
that a few plants might be allowed a place in gar- 
dens, were it not for their creeping roots, which fpread 
too much, and become troublefome weeds ; therefore 
the roots ftiould be confined in pots to keep them 
within bounds. 
There is an ointment made of this herb and hog’s- 
lard, ■which is accounted excellent for the piles, being 
mixed with the yolk of an egg at the time of ufing 
it. The plant is reckoned to be aperitive and diure- 
tic, opening obftructions of the liver and fpleen, 
helping the dropfy and jaundice. 
The fecond fort grows naturally about Valencia and 
in Sicily ; this is an annual plant, which rifes with an 
upright branching ftalk near a foot and a half high, 
garnifhed with oval, fmooth, gray leaves, placed of- 
ten by threes, and fometimes by pairs oppofite at the 
joints ; the flowers grow in fhort fpikes at the top of 
the ftalks ; they are lb aped like thofe of the common 
fort, but have not fo long tubes ; they are yellow, 
with Saffron-coloured chaps. This fort flowers in 
July and Auguft, and the feeds ripen in the autumn, 
and the plants foon after decay. 
There is a variety of this whofe flowers have a 
purple ftandard and fpur, which makes a pretty ap- 
pearance in a garden ; but it is generally fuppofed to 
be only an accidental variety which has rifen from 
feeds of the former, for which reafon I have not enu- 
merated it here •, though from many years culture of 
both forts, I have never yet perceived either of them 
alter. The leaves of this are longer than thofe of the 
yellow, but in other refpefts they do not differ. 
This fort may be propagated by feeds, or by the 
roots •, the feeds ftiould be fown in the fpring, on the 
borders of the flower-garden where they are defigned 
to remain ; and when the plants come up, they fhould 
be thinned where they are too clofe, and kept clean 
from weeds, which is all the culture they require. If 
fome of the feeds are fown in autumn upon a warm 
dry border, the plants will live through the winter, 
unlefs the froft proves very fevere ; and thefe au- 
tumnal plants will grow larger, flower earlier, and 
from thefe good feeds may always be obtained : the 
firft fort is leldom admitted into gardens. 
The third fort rifes with upright ftalks near two 
feet high, which are garniflaed with fpear-fhaped 
fmooth leaves, placed fometimes by fours round the 
ftalk, and at others by pairs oppofite ; the ftalks are 
terminated by large purple flowers with long Ipurs, 
{landing upon foot-ftalks. This flowers in July, but 
feldom ripens feeds in England , it grows naturally 
in Portugal and Spain. 
O x 
This fort is tenderer than the laft, fo fhould be 
planted in a dry foil and a warm fituation, otherwife 
the plants are often deftroyed in winter. This plant 
is propagated by feeds in the fame manner as the for- 
mer, as alfo by parting the roots ; but it is advifeable 
always to keep fome of thefe plants in pots, that they 
may be removed into fhelter in v/inter, otherwife in 
hard frofts they will be killed. 
The fourth fort grows naturally about Verona, from 
whence I received the feeds. This is a perennial plant, 
from whofe roots arife feveral diffufed ftalks about 
eight inches long, garnifhed with narrow, fhort, gray 
leaves, placed by fours round the ftalks at bottom, but 
upward they are oppofite ; the ftalks are terminated by 
fhort branching tufts of pale yellow flowers with golden 
chaps. This fort flowers in June, and in warm feafons 
fometimes the feeds will ripen here in the autumn. 
8 C The 
