2. Ltquidamber (Orient alts) foiiis qftinqufelobatis, fi- 
nuatis obtufts. Liquidamber with leaves having five lobes , 
which are finuated and obtufe. 
The firft fort has by home writers been ranged with 
the Maple, but on no other account, except from 
the fimilitude of the leaves j for in flower and fruit it 
is very different from the Maple, and molt other ge-, 
nera : nor has it any affinity to the Storax-tree, but 
the gum which i flues from this tree being transparent, 
and having a great fragrancy, has by feme ignorant 
perfons been taken for that. 
It grows plentifully in Virginia and feveral other parts 
of North America, where it rifes with a ftrait naked 
Item to the height of fifteen or fixteen feet, and after- 
ward branches out regularly to the height of forty feet 
or upward, forming a pyramidal head. The leaves are 
angular, and fhaped fomewhat like thofe of the leffer 
Maple, having five lobes, but are of a dark green 
colour, and their upper furfaces fnining ; a ftrong, 
fweet, glutinous fubftance exfudes through the pores 
of the leaves in warm weather, which renders them 
clammy to the touch. 
The flowers are generally produced early in the 
ip ring of the year, before the leaves are expanded, 
which are of a Saffron colour, and grow in fpikes from 
the extremity of the branches ; after thefe are paid, 
the fruit i wells to the fize of a Walnut, being per- 
fectly round, having many protuberances, each hav- 
ing a fmall hole and a fliort tail, which extends half 
an inch. 
The planks of this tree being beautifully veined, are 
often ufed in America for wainfcotting rooms ; but it 
requires a long time to feafon the boards, otherwife 
they are apt to ihrink. 
In Europe this tree is cultivated in the gardens of the 
curious, for the fake of variety it is hardy enough 
to endure the fevereft cold of this country in the open 
air, and there are fome of them upward of twenty 
feet high, though I have not heard of any of them 
which has produced fruit. 
s 
This is commonly propagated by layers in England, 
but thole plants which are raffed from feeds grow to 
be much fairer trees. 
The feeds of this tree, if fown in the fpring, cqith 
monly remain in the ground a whole year before the 
plants come up ; fo that the fureft way to raife them 
is, to low the feeds in boxes or pots of light earth ; 
which may be placed in a fhady fituation during the 
fuff fummer, and in autumn they may be removed 
where they may have more fun •, but if the winter 
fhould prove fevere, it will be proper to cover them 
with Peas-haulm, or other light covering, which 
fhould be taken off conftantly in mild weather. In 
the following fpring, if thefe boxes or pots are placed 
upon a moderate hot -bed, it will caufe the feeds 
to come up early, fo that the plants will have time 
to get ftrength before the winter ; but during the 
firft and fecond winters, it will be proper to fereen the 
plants from fevere froft, but afterward they will bear 
the cold very well. 
The feeds of the fecond fort were fent by Mr. Peyf- 
fonel from the Levant, to the French king’s gar- 
den at Marli, a few of which were fent me by Mr. 
Richard, the king’s gardener, which fucceeded in 
the Chelfea garden. The leaves of this fort differ 
from thofe of the firft, in having their lobes fhorter, 
and much more finuated on their borders ; they end in 
blunt points, and are not ferrated •, but as I have not 
feen the fruit of this, fo I do not know how it differs 
from the other. 
L IK I O D E N D R U M. See Tulipifera. 
LITHOSPERMU M. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 137. 
tab. 55, Lim Gen. Plant. 166. [of Aftgp, a ftone, 
and I, 7 rsprj..z, feed q. d. Stone-feed ; becaufe the 
feed of this plant is hard, and good agaijift the ftone.] 
Cromwell, Gromill, or Graymill ; in French, Gremil. 
The Characters are, 
'The f ewer hath an oblong , ereb 1 , acute-point ed , per- 
manent, empalement , which is c,ui into five parts. It hath, 
one petal with a cylindrical tifie the length of the em- 
palemekt, divided into five obtufe points at the briniq 
which are erect the chaps are perforated. It hath five- 
floor t Jlamina terminated by oblong fummits , which are flout 
up in the chaps op the petal, It hath four germen, with, 
a fender ftyle the length of the tube , crowned by a bifid 
obtufe fiigma. The germen afterward turn to fo many 
oval , hardyfmooth , acute-pointed feeds, fit ting in the [presid- 
ing empalement. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft feftion of 
Linnaeus’s fifth clafs, which includes the plant? 
Whole flowers have five ftamina and one ftyle. 
The Species are, 
1. Lithospermum ( Officinale ) feminibus Issvibus, co- 
roliis ealyeem vix fuperantibus, foiiis lanceolatis; 
ITort. Cliff. 46. Gromwell with fmooth feeds , the petal 
of the flower fcarce longer than the empalement, and fpear- 
floaped leaves. Lithofpermum majus erectum. C. B. P„ 
258. Greater upright Gromwell. 
2. Lithospermum ( Arvenfie ) feminibus rugofis, corrol- 
lis vix ealyeem fuperantibus. Flort. Cliff. 46. Grom- 
well with rough feeds , whofe petals are fcarce longer than 
the empalement. Lithofpermum arvenie, radice rubra. 
C. B. P. 258. Field Gromwell with a red root. 
3. Lithospermum ( Purpuroaeruleuni ) feminibus Irevk 
bus, coroliis ealyeem mukoties fuperantibus. Horn 
Cliff 46. Gromwell with fmooth feeds, and the petal ma- 
ny times longer than the empalement , Lithofpermum mi- 
nus repens latifolium C. B. P. 258. Smaller , creeping, 
broad-leaved Gromwell. 
4. Lithospermum ( Virginianum ) foiiis fubovalibus ner- 
vofis, coroliis acuminatis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 132. Grom- 
well with veined leaves which are almofi oval, and acute-, 
pointed petals. Lithofpermum latifolium Virginia- 
num, flore albido longiore. Mor. Hift. 3. p. 447. 
Broad-leaved Gromwell of Virginia with a longer whitifh 
flower. 
5. Lithospermum ( Fruticofum ) fruticctfum, foiiis line- 
aribus hifpidis, ftaminibus corollam fubaequantibus, 
Lin. Sp. 19Q. Shrubby Gromwell with rough linear 
leaves, and the Jlamina almoft equal to the petal. Ru- 
gloffum famium frutefeens, foiiis Rorifmarini obfeure 
virentibus lucidis & hirfutis. Tourn. Cor. 6. 
The firft fort grows naturally upon the banks, and in 
dry fields in many parts of England, fo is feidom ad-t 
mitted into gardens. This hath a biennial root, front 
which arife two or three upright ftalks two feet high, 
which branch out toward the top, garniftied with 
fpear-fhaped, rough, hairy leaves, placed alternate, 
fitting clofe to the ftalks. The flowers come out 
fingly at every joint of the fmall branches ; they are 
white, of one petal, cut into four parts at the top, 
and ftand within the empalement ; thefe are fucceeded 
by four hard, white, Aiming feeds, which ripen in 
the empalement. It flowers in May, and the feeds ri- 
pen in Auguft. 
The feeds of this plant are accounted a powerful diu- 
retic, and a cleanler of the reins and urethers, being 
boiled in wine and water, and are of great fervice 
againft gravel or ftoppage of urine. 
The fecond fort is an annual plant, which grows 
among winter Corn in many parts of England. This 
rifes with a {lender branching ftalk a foot and a half 
high, garniftied with narrow, fpear-fhaped, rough 
leaves placed alternately. The flowers are produced 
fingly on the upper parts of the ftalks. They are 
fmall and white j thefe are fucceeded by four rough 
feeds, which ripen in the empalement. It flowers in 
June, and the feeds ripen in Auguft, foon lifter which 
the plants decay. 
The third fort grows naturally in woods in many parts 
of England •, this hath a perennial root, from which 
come out twp or three trailing ftalks fcarce a foot 
long, garniftied with long, narrow, fpear-fhaped 
leaves, placed alternately ; thefe are fmoother than 
thofe of the other forts. The flowers are produced at* 
the end of the ftalks from amongft the leaves ; they 
are white, and the petals are much longer than thp 
empalements. Thefe appear the latter end of May, 
and each is fucceeded by fqur fmooth feeds, which 
ripen in the empalement. 
