L O P 
but as the leaves fall off fingle, and the branches re- 
main upon which they were fixed, they cannot be 
called winged leaves. 
Thefe. fhruhs are now propagated in the nurfery 
gardens near London, for faie, and are commonly 
intermixed with other dowering fhruhs for the fake of 
variety ; but as there is little beauty in fome of their 
flowers, a few of them only fhould be admitted, to 
let off thole which are preferable •, they are all of 
them very hardy plants, fo will thrive in a cold fitu- 
ation better than in a warm one , thev love a moill 
loil, in which they will thrive, and produce a greater 
quantity of fruit than in dry ground. 
They may be propagated either by feeds or cuttings. 
The feeds commonly lie in the ground a year before 
they vegetate, but require no particular culture ; if 
they are fown in autumn, many of them will grow 
the following fpring. The cuttings fhould be planted 
In autumn in a fhady border, where they will put out 
roots the following fpring, and in the following au- 
tumn they may be removed into a nurfery, to grow 
two years to get ftrength, after which they fhould be 
_ transplanted where they are defigned to remain. 
LOPPING. It is very obiervable, that moft old 
trees are hollow within, which does not proceed from 
the nature of the trees, but is the fault of thofe who 
have the management of them, who fuffer the tops to 
grow large before they lop them, as the Afh, Elm, 
Hornbeam, &c. and perfuade themfelves, that they 
may have the more great wood j but, in the mean 
time, do not confider that the cutting off great tops, 
or branches, endangers the life of a tree, or, at beft, 
wounds it fo, that many trees yearly decay more in 
their bodies, than the yearly tops come to ; and at 
the fame time that they furnifh themfelves with more 
great wood, they do it at the lofs of the owner. 
And, indeed, though the Hornbeam and Elm will 
bear great tops when the body is little more than a 
fhell, yet the Afh, if it comes to take wet at the 
head, very rarely bears more top after the body of 
the tree decays ; therefore, if once thefe trees decay 
much in the middle, they will be worth little but 
for the fire, fo that if you find a timber tree decay, 
it fhould be cut down in time, that the timber be 
not loft. 
The Lopping of young trees, that is, at ten or twelve 
years old at moft, will preferve them much longer, 
and will occafion the fhoots to grow more into wood 
in one year, than they do in old tops at two or three. 
But when great boughs are ill taken off, it often 
fpoils many a tree, for which reafon they fhould al- 
ways be fpared, unlefs there is an abfolute neceflity. 
When they muft be cut off, it fhould be clofe 
and fmooth, and not parallel to the horizon, and 
cover the wound with loam and horfe-dung mix- 
ed, to prevent the wet from entering the body of { 
the tree. 
When trees are at their full growth, there are feve- 
ral figns of their decay, as, the withering or dying of 
many of their top branches •, or if the wet enters at 
any knot, or they are any-wife hollow, or difcoloured, 
if they make but poor fhoots, or if woodpeckers make 
.any holes in them. 
This Lopping of trees is only to be underftood for 
pollard trees, becaufe nothing is more injurious to 
the growth of timber trees, than that of Lopping or 
cutting off great branches from them ; whoever will 
be at the trouble of trying the experiment upon two 
trees of equal age and fize, growing near each other, 
to lop or cut off the fide branches from one of them, 
and fufier ail the branches to grow upon the other, 
will, in a few years, find the latter to exceed the other 
In growth every way, and this will not decay near fo 
foon. ^ . 
All forts of refinous trees, or fuch as abound with a 
milky juice, fhould be lopped very fparingly, for they 
are fubjed to decay when often cut. The beft feafon 
for Lopping thefe trees, is foon after Bartholomew tide, 
If which time they feldom bleed much, and the 
LOT 
wound is commonly healed over before the cold wea- 
ther comes on. 
LOR AN THUS. Vaill. Ad. R. Sc. 1702. Lin. 
Gen. Plant. 400. Lonicera. Plum. Nov. Gen. 17. 
tab. 37. 
The Characters are, 
'The empalement of the flower is entire , concave , and 
crowns the germen. 'The flower is tubulous , and cut into 
five narrow figments almoft to the bottom , which are re - 
flexed. It hath four flamina which are longer than the 
tube of the flower, terminated by globular fummits. The 
germen , which is Jituated below the empakment , fupports 
a fingle flyle which is longer than the flamina , crowned 
by an oval fiigma. The germen afterward becomes an 
oval pulpy fruit with one cell , including fever al compreffed 
feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fedion of 
Linnaeus’s fixth clafs, but it fhould be placed in his 
fourth clafs, for the flower has but four flamina and 
one ftyle. 
There are feveral fpecies of this genus, which grow 
naturally upon trees, in feveral parts of America 5 
but as the plants cannot be cultivated in gardens, fo 
it will be to no purpofe to enumerate them. 
LQ PUS. Tourn. Inft, R. H. 402. Lin. Gen. Plante 
803. Bird’s-foot Trefoil j in French, Lotier. 
The Characters are, 
The empalement of the flower is cfl one leaf , permanent , 
and cut at the top into five parts. The flower is of the 
butterfly kind. The ftandard is roundijh , and reflexed 
backward. The wings are broad , roundijh , and Jkorter 
than the ftandard , clofing together at the top. The keel 
is clofed on the upper fide , and convex on the under , 
rifling a little. It hath ten ftamina , nine joined und one 
ftp ar ate, terminated by fmall fummits , with an oblong ta- 
per germen, fupporting a Jingle ftyle , crowned by an in- 
flexed Jligma. The germen afterward becomes a clofe cy- 
lindrical pod with one cell, opening with two valves , ha- 
ving many tranfverfe partitions , in each of theft is lodged 
one roundijh feed . 
This genus of plants is ranged in the third fedion of 
Linnaeus’s feventeenth clafs, intitled Diadelphia De~ 
candria, which contains the plants whofe flowers have 
ten ftamina in two houfes. 
The Species are, 
1. Lotus ( Corniculatus ) capitulis depreffis, caulibus de- 
cumbentibus, leguminibus cylindricis patentibus. 
Lin. Sp. Plant. 775. Bird' s-foot Trefoil with depreffed 
heads, trailing ftalks, and cylindrical fpreading pods. Lo- 
tus corniculata glabra, minor. J. B. 2. 356. Lejfer, 
fmooth, corniculated Bird' s-foot T refoil. 
2. Lotus (. Anguftijfmus ) leguminibus fubbinatis lineari- 
bus ftridis eredis, caule eredo, pedunculis alternis. 
Lin. Sp. Plant. 774. Bird' s-foot Trefoil with eredt, li- 
near, ftrait pods , growing in pairs, an eredt ftalk, and 
alternate foot-ftalks. Lotus pentaphyllos, minor, hir- 
futus, filiqua anguftiffima. C. B. P. 332. Smaller , 
five-leaved , hairy Bird' s-foot Trefoil, with very narrow) 
pods. 
3. Lotus ( Glabrus ) capitulis depreffis, caulibus decum- 
bentibus, foliis linearibus glabris, leguminibus li- 
nearibus. Bird.' s-foot T refoil with depreffed heads, trail- 
ing ftalks, fmooth linear leaves , and very narrow pods «. 
Lotus pentaphyllos frutefcens, tenuiflimis glabris fo- 
liis. C. B. P.332. Shrubby five-leaved Bird,' s-foot Tre- 
foil, with very narrow fmooth leaves. 
4. Lotus ( Redius ) capitulis fubglobofis, caule eredo, 
leguminibus redis glabris. Hort. Upfal. 221. Bird's - 
foot Trefoil with globular heads , an eredi ftalk, and ftrait 
fmooth pods. Lotus villofus, altiflimus, flore glome- 
rate. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 403. Talleft hairy Bird's- 
foot Trefoil with a glomerated flower. 
5. Lotus ( Cretica ) leguminibus fubternatis, caule fru- 
ticofo, foliis fericeis nitidis. Hort. Cliff. 372. Bird's - 
foot Trefoil with generally three pods on each foot-ftalk, a 
Jhrubby ftalk, and fhining leaves. Lotus argentea Cre- 
tica. Pluk. Aim. 226, Silvery Bird' s-foot Trefoil of 
Crete,. 
C Lotus 
