L U P 
4. Lupinus (Hirfutis) calycibus verticillatis appendicu- 
latis, labio fuperiore inferioreque integris. Hort. 
Cliff. 499. Lupine with whorl-foaped empalements hav- 
ing appendages , and the upper and under Up entire. . Lu- 
pinus peregrinus major, vel villofus, coerulens, major. 
C. E. P. Foreign , greater , hairy Lupine , with a large 
blue flower , commonly called the great blue Lupine. 
5 Lupinus (Albus) calycibus akernis inappendiculatis, 
labio fuperiore integro, inferiore tridentato. Hort. 
Cliff. 499. Lupine with alternate empalements having no 
appendages , and the upper lip entire , /»- 
/<? /j&ra /xzr/j. Lupinus iativus, flore albo. C. B. P. 
347. Garden or manured Lupine , with a white flower. 
6 . Lupinus ( Perennis ) calycibus alternis inappendicu- 
latis, labio fuperiore emarginato, inferiore integro. 
Lin. Sp. Plant. 721. Lupine with alternate empalements 
having no appendages , the upper lip indented , and the un- 
der entire. Lupinus coeruleus, minor, perennis, Vir- 
ginianus, repens. Mor. Hift. 2. p. 87. Smaller peren- 
nial, creeping , blue Lupine of Virginia. 
The firft fort grows naturally among the Corn in 
the fouth of France and Italy, and in great abundance 
in Sicily. This is an annual plant, which rifes with a 
firm, ftrait, channelled ftalk near three feet high, di- 
vided toward the top into feveral branches, which are 
garnifhed with hand-fhaped leaves, compofed of five, 
fix, or feven oblong lobes, which join in one center 
at their bafe, and are hairy. The flowers are pro- 
duced in fpikes at the end of the branches, {landing 
half round the ftalk in fort of whorls ; they are of a 
light blue colour, ftiaped like thofe of Peas, and are 
fucceeded by ftrait taper pods with one cell, inclofing 
a row of roundifh feeds. This fort flowers in June 
and July, and the feeds ripen in the autumn. 
It is propagated in the borders of the pleafure-garden 
for ornament, by fowing the feeds in April, in the 
places where they are to remain ; and when the plants 
come up they fhould be thinned where they are too 
clofe, and kept clean from weeds, which is all the 
culture they require. 
The fecond fort has much the appearance of the firft, 
but the {talks rife higher ; the leaves have more lobes, 
and ftand upon longer foot-ftalks the lobes are 
blunt-pointed, and the feeds are variegated. This re- 
quires the fame culture as the firft, and flowers at the 
fame time. 
The third fort is the common yellow Lupine, which 
has been long cultivated in the Englifh gardens for 
the fweetnefs of its flowers. This grows naturally in 
Sicily •, it rifes about a foot high, with a branching 
ftalk garniftied with hand-fhaped leaves, compofed 
of nine narrow hairy lobes, which join at their bafe 
to the foot-ftalks •, thefe are four or five inches long. 
The flowers are yellow, and are produced in loofe 
fpikes at the end of the branches, {landing in whorls 
round the ftalks, with fpaces between them, termi- 
nated by three or four flowers, fitting clofe at the top 
thefe are fucceeded by flattifh hairy pods about two 
inches long, ftanding ere£t, inclofing four or five 
roundifh feeds, a little comprefied on their fide, of a 
yellowiih white, variegated with dark fpots. This 
fort flowers at the fame time as the former, but to have 
a fucceflion of the flowers, the feeds are fown at dif- 
ferent times, viz. in April, May, and June but thofe 
only, which are firft fown, will ripen their feeds. It 
may be cultivated in the fame manner as the two for- 
mer, and is equally hardy. 
The fourth fort is fuppofed to be a native of India, 
but has been many years in the Englifh gardens. It 
is an annual plant, which rifes with a ftrong, firm, 
channelled ftalk from three to four feet high, covered 
with a foft brownifli down, dividing upward into fe- 
veral ftrong branches, garnifhed with hand-fhaped 
leaves, compofed of nine, ten, or eleven wedge- 
fhaped hairy lobes, which are narrow at their bafe 
where they join the foot-ftalk, but enlarge upward, 
and are rounded at the top where they are broadeft ; 
the foot-ftalks of the leaves are three or four inches 
long. The flowers are placed in whorls round the 
ftalks above each other, forming a loofe fpike, which 
proceeds from the'end of the branches ; they are large, 
and of a beautiful blue colour, but have no fcent, 
Thefe appear in July, and the feeds ripen in the au- 
tumn. The pods of this fort are large, almoft an inch 
broad, and three inches long, inclofing three large 
roundifh feeds comprefied on their fides, very rough, 
and of a purplifh brown colour. There is a variety 
of this with flefh-coloured flowers, which is com- 
monly called the Rofe Lupine ; it differs from the 
blue only in the colour of the flower, but this dif- 
ference is permanent, for neither of the forts vary. 
This is generally late in ripening the feeds, fo that 
unlefls the autumn proves warm and dry, they do not 
ripen ; therefore the beft way to have good feeds, is 
to fow them in September clofe to a warm wall on 
dry ground, where they will live through our ordi- 
nary winters ; and thefe plants will flower early the 
following fummer, fo there will be time for the feeds 
to ripen before the rains fall in the autumn, which 
frequently caufes the feeds to rot which are not ripe. 
If a few of the feeds of both thefe varieties are fown 
in fmall pots the beginning of September, and when 
the frofts begin, the pots are removed into a com- 
mon hot-bed frame, where they may be protected 
from hard froft, but enjoy the free air in mild wea- 
ther, the plants may be thus fecured in winter ; and 
in the fpring they may be fhaken out of the pots, pre- 
ferving the earth to their roots, and planted in a warm 
border, where they will flower early, and produce 
very good feeds. 
The fifth fort grows naturally in the Levant, but is 
cultivated in feme parts of Italy, as other pulfe, for 
food. This hath a thick upright ftalk about two 
feet high, which divides toward the top into feveral 
fmaller hairy branches, garn filled with hand-fiiaped 
leaves, compofed of feven or eight narrow oblong 
lobes, which are hairy, and join at their bafe, of a 
dark grayifh colour, and have a filvery down. The 
flowers are produced in loofe fpikes at the end of the 
branches ; they are white, and fit clofe to the ftalk ; 
thefe are fucceeded by hairy ftrait pods about three 
inches long, a little comprefied on the fides, con- 
taining five or fix flattifh feeds which are white, hav- 
ing a little cavity like a navel, in that part which is 
fixed to the pod. This fort flowers in July, and the 
feeds ripen in the autumn. It is an annual plant, 
which is cultivated for ornament in the pleafure-gar- 
den. The feeds muft be fown in the places where 
the plants are to remain, and may be treated in the 
fame way as the firft fort. 
The fixth fort grows naturally in Virginia, and other 
of the northern parts of America. This hath a per- 
ennial creeping root, from which arife feveral ereft 
channelled ftalks a foot and a half high, fending out 
two or three fmall fide branches, garnifhed with 
hand-fhaped leaves, compofed of ten or eleven nar- 
row fpear-fhaped lobes, which join at their bafe, 
ftanding upon very long foot-ftalks, having a few 
hairs on their edges. The flowers grow in long loofe 
fpikes, which terminate the ftalks, and are placed 
without order on each fide they are of a pale blue 
colour, having fhort foot-ftalks. Thefe appear in 
June, and the feeds ripen in Auguft, which are foon 
fcattered if they are not gathered when ripe ; for after 
a little moifture, the fun caufes the pods to open with 
an elafticity, and call out the feeds to a dillance all 
round. This fort is propagated by feeds as the for- 
mer, which fhould be fown where the plants are to re- 
main •, for although the root is perennial, yet it runs 
fo deep into the ground as that it cannot be taken up 
entire ; and if the root is cut or broken, the plant 
feldom thrives well after. I have traced feme of the 
roots of this plant, which have been three feet deep 
in the ground in one year from feed, and fpread 
out as far on every fide, fo that they muft have 
room, therefore the young plants fhould not be 
left nearer than three feet afunder. If this plant is 
in a light dry foil, the roots will continue feveral 
years, and produce many fpikes of flowers ; and al- 
though the ufual feafon of flowering is in June and. 
4 My* 
I 
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