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July, yet when tain happens to fall in Auguft, 
there are frequently freffi ftalks arife from the roots, 
which flower the end of September, of beginning 
of Oftober. 
The feeds of the fifth fort are ufed in medicine •, they 
have a bitter tafte, fo open, digefe, dilTolve, and 
cleanfe ; and if they are fieeped in water for feme 
days, till they have loft their bitternefs, they may be 
eaten out of neceffity, but they are fuppofed to breed 
grofs humours, and are hard of digeftion. Some wo- 
men ufe the flower of the feed mixed with the juice 
of Lemons, and a little Alumen faccharinum, made 
into the form of foft . ointment, to make the face 
fmooth, and look more amiable. 
The fmall blue Lupine is frequently fown in Italy, 
to drefs and manure the ground, efpecially that which 
is intended for vineyards ; where, if they have time, 
the ground is fown with Lupines, which grow till 
they begin to flower ; then they cut them down and 
plough them into the ground, where the ftalks rot 
with the winter’s rain ; but it is doubtful whether 
this is any real benefit to the ground, for there are 
few plants which draw and impoveriffi the ground 
fo much as Lupines ; therefore the dreffing they 
yield, is fcarce an equivalent for what they have 
drawn from the ground : but when there is not 
time for this operation, they parboil the feeds to 
prevent their growing, and fow them upon the ground 
before it is ploughed, allowing fixteen buffiels to an 
acre of land ; and this dreffing is preferable to the 
former. 
All the forts of Lupines make a pretty appearance 
when they are in flower, but the yellow fort is pre- 
ferred for its fweetnefs, though the flowers of this 
are of ffiort duration, efpecially in warm weather ; 
therefore the feeds of this ffiould be fown at feve- 
ral times, that there may be a fucceffion of flowers 
through the feafon, for they will continue flowering 
till they are flopped by hard froft ; and thofe which 
come in the autumn to flower, will continue in beauty 
a longer time than the early ones. If fome of the 
feeds are fown in the autumn on a warm border, the 
plants will often live through the winter, and flower 
early in the fpring. 
LUPULUS. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 535. tab. 309. 
jrtumulus. Lin. Gen. Plant. 989. [This plant takes 
its name of Lupus, LuJ. a wolf, becaufe the antients 
had a notion, that wolves were wont to hide them- 
felves under this plant.] The Hop ; in French, 
Houblon. 
The Characters are, 
The male and female flowers are upon different plants. 
T he empalement of the male flower is compofed of five 
fmall , concave , oh t ufe leaves ; it hath no petal, hut has 
five Jloort hairy ftamina , terminated by oblong fummits. 
The female flowers have a general , four-pointed , acute 
peranthium , and a feparate oval one of four leaves , in- 
cluding eight flowers ; each of thefe have an empalement 
of one leaf , which is clofed at the bafe. Thefe have nei- 
ther petal or ftamina , but a fmall germen fituated in the 
center , fupporting two awl-fhaped ftyles , crowned by acute , 
reflexed , fpreadingjiigmas. The germen afterward turns 
to a roundijh feed covered with a thin fkin , inclofed in the 
bafe of the empalement. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fifth fedlion of 
Linnaeus’s twenty-fecond clafs, intitled Dioecia Pen- 
tandria, which includes thofe plants whofe male and 
female flowers are upon different plants, and the male- 
flowers have five ftamina. 
We have but one Species of this genus, viz. 
Lupulus fRumilus ) mas & femina. C. B. P, 298. Male 
and female Hop. 
The male Hop grows wild by the fide of hedges 
and upon banks, in many parts of England : the 
young fhoots of thefe plants are often gathered in the 
fpring by the poor people, and boiled as an efculent 
herb ; but thefe muft be taken very young, other- 
wife they are tough and ftringy ; it is eafiiy diftin- 
guiffied by the flowers, which are fmall, and hang in 
long loofe bunches, from the fide of the ftalks, abound- 
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mg with farina on their fummits ; thefe have no 
Hops fucceeding to the flowers. 
The female Hop is the fort which is cultivated for 
life-, of this fort, the people who cultivate them 
reckon three different varieties : as Grit, the long and 
fquare Garlick Hop, the long white. Hop, and the 
oval Hop, all which are indifferently cultivated in 
England, but of the male Hop there is no .different 
varieties. 
There being the greateft plantation of Hops in/ Kent 
that are in any county of England, it is very pro- 
bable, that their method of planting and ordering 
them ffiould be the beft. 
As for the, choice of their Hop-grounds, they eftee-m 
the richeft and ftrongell grounds as the rnoft proper ; 
they chufe a warm dry foil, that has a good depth 
of hazel mould ; and if it be rocky within two or 
three feet of the furface, the Hops will profper well ; 
but they will by no means thrive on a ft iff clay , or 
fpongy wet land. 
If it may be, chufe a piece of meadow or lay ground 
to plant Hops on, finch as has not been tilled or fown 
with other crops for many years, or an old decayed 
orchard ; for land that is worn out by long bearing 
of Corn, will require abundance of dung to bring 
it into any tolerable condition to bear a crop of Hops. 
The Kentiffi planters accounting new land beft for 
Hops, they plant their Hop-gardens with Apple-trees 
at a large diftance, and with Cherry-trees between ; 
and when the land hath done its beft for Hops, which 
they reckon it will in about ten years, the trees may 
begin to bear. The Cherry-trees laft about thirty 
years, and by that time the Apple-trees are large, they 
cut down the Cherry-trees. 
The Effex planters account a moony land the pro- 
pereft for Hops, though there are feveral other forts 
of foil that are efteemed very good. 
Some account that land which has a roffelly top, and 
a brick earth bottom, the beft ; a true roffel or light 
fend, is what they generally plant in, whether it be 
white or black. 
Moory land is of different forts, fome being ftrong 
and heavy, fo as to crack in fummer ; and fome fo 
light, that in dry feafons it will blow away with the 
wind ; and fome are of a middle confidence, being 
compofed of both. 
Thefe moors for goodnefs and value, are according 
to the nature and goodnefs of the foil that is under- 
neath them ; which being flung up upon the furface, 
will make a very good mixture, it being beft to fling 
the under foil downward for Hops, becaufe they na- 
turally root downwards, fometims four or five yards 
deep, and therefore the deepeft and richeft foil is beft 
for them. 
Few are acquainted with the value of moors, becaufe 
they do not fearch into the bottom of them, by reafon 
of the expenfivenefs of doing it, and the difficulty of 
carrying off the water. 
If the land be moift, it ought to be laid up in high 
ridges, and to be well drained, and the drains kept- 
clear and open, efpecially in winter, that the water 
do not rot or too much chill the roots. 
If the land be four or cold, it will be very much- 
helped by burning it; and if the haulm and ftrings 
of the Hops be burnt every year, and fome of the pa- 
ring or Tides of the garden or other earth be laid on 
them as they burn, and then more haulm be laid over 
that, and fo continued layer upon layer, it will make 
an excellent compoft to make the hills with. 
As to the fituation of a Hop-ground, one that inclines 
to the fouth or weft is the rnoft eligible ; but if it be 
expofed to the north-eaft or fouth-weft winds, there 
ffiould be a center of fome trees at a diftance ; becaufe 
the north-eaft are apt to nip the tender ffioots in the 
fpring, and the fouth-weft frequently break and blow 
the poles at the latter end of the fummer, and very- 
much endanger the Hops. 
Hops require to be planted in an open fituation, that 
the air may freely pafs round and between them to dry 
up and diffipate the moifture, whereby they will not 
be 
