The root of this is perennial. The ftalks are {Tender* 
not more than nine or ten inches long, fpreading out 
on every fide. The lower part of the ftalks are gar- 
nifhed with oblong oval leaves, placed oppofite. On 
the upper part of the ftalks the leaves are narrower, 
and placed alternate. The flowers come out fingly 
from the fide of the ftalks at each joint ; they are lar- 
ger than thofe of the common fort, and of a deeper 
purple colour, fo make a fine appearance in July, 
when they are in beauty. 
This fort has never produced any feeds in England, 
and the fevere froft in t 740, killed all the plants here, 
fince which time I have not feen any of them in the 
Englifh gardens. 
The fixth fort grows naturally in the northern parts of 
America ; this rifes with a ftiff branching ftalk a 
foot and a half high, garnilhed with oblong leaves, 
which are downy, and placed oppofite, ftanding upon 
very fliort foot -ftalks. The flowers are produced in 
whorls round the ftalks ; they are of a pale purple 
colour, and appear in July •, thefe are fucceeded by 
capfules with two cells, filled with feeds which ripen 
in autumn. 
The feventh fort grows naturally in Virginia, from 
whence I received the feeds ; this rifes with an upright 
woolly ftalk near two feet high, garnilhed with linear 
leaves placed oppofite, upon fhort foot-ftalks. The 
flowers come out from the wings of the ftalks fingly ; 
they are fmall, tubulous, and of a pale purple colour, 
fo make no great appearance; thefe appear in July, 
and in warm feafons only will perfed feeds ; but the 
roots of this fort will increafe fo faft, as to render the 
propagating the plants by feeds unneceffary, when 
once obtained. 
The eighth fort grows naturally in North America, 
has a perennial root. The ftalks are flender, about 
a foot high, garhifhed with linear leaves placed ops- 
polite, which are entire. The flowers come out fingly 
from the wings of the leaves, on the upper part of the 
ftalks ; they are fmall, white, and have fix petals. 
The empalement is ftreaked, and cut at the top into, 
fix parts, and the flower has fix ftamina. This flowers 
in June, and the feeds ripen in autumn. 
The ninth fort was difcovered by the late Dr. Hoof- 
toun at La Yera Cruz, growing in fwamps, where 
the v/ater had ftagnated. This hath a ligneous root, 
from which arife two or three flender ftalks upward 
of two feet' high, garnilhed with oblong, oval, finooth 
leaves, which, on the lower part of tire ftalks are op- 
pofite, but thofe on the upper part are narrow and al- 
ternate. The flowers come out from the wings of the 
leaves, on the upper part of the ftalk fingly ; they are 
fmall and white, having fix petals and fix ftamina ; 
thefe do not appear till the fecond year from feed, and 
have not produced any good feeds in England. 
This fort is tender, fo will not live in the open air in 
England. It is propagated by feeds, which fhould be 
fown in pots, and plunged into an old hot-bed the firft 
feafon ; for the feeds never rife the firft year, unlefs 
they are fown in autumn ; the pots fhould be flickered 
in winter, and the fpring following placed on a hot- 
bed to bring up the plants ; thefe muft be treated in 
the fame way a? other tender plants from the fame 
country. 
All the other forts, when raifed from feeds, fhould be 
fown in autumn, other wife the feeds will remain a 
year in the ground, fo that thofe feeds which are 
brought from America, never grow the fame year they 
are fown ; for which reafon the ground fhould not be 
difturbed in which the feeds are fown, but left till the 
following fpring, when the plants will come up if the? 
feeds were good. 
MAG 
AC ALEE. See Cerasus. 
MADDER. See Rubia Tinctorum. 
MAGNOLIA. Plum. Nov. Gen. 38. 
tab. 7. Lin. Gen. Plant. 610. The Lau- 
rel-leaved Tulip-tree, vulgo. 
The Characters are, 
The empalement is compofed of three oval concave leaves 
like petals, which foon fall away . The flower is compofed 
of nine oblong blunt petals , which are concave. It hath a 
great number of floor t flamina which are compreffed , and 
inf erted into the germen, terminated by linear fummits, ad- 
hering to every Jfide of the ftamina. It hath many oblong 
oval germina faftened to the receptacle , flupporting re- 
curved, contorted , fhort ftyles, with longitudinal hairy 
fligmas. The germen afterward become oval cones , with 
roundifh compreffed capfules almoft imbricated, having 
one cell, opening with two valves, incloflng one kidney- 
Jhaped feed, hanging by a flender thread from the fcale 
of the cone. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the feventh fedion 
of Linnseus’s thirteenth clafs, intitled Polyandria Po- 
lygynia, which includes thofe plants whofe flowers 
have many ftamina and ftyles. If Father Plumier’s 
figure of the fedion of his fruit is exad, his muft be 
a different genus from this ; for the feeds of his are 
reprefented within the fruit, lying round a column. 
The Species are, 
1. Magnolia ( Glauca ) foliis ovato-lanceolatis fubtus 
glaucis. Lin. Sp. 755. Magnolia with oval ftp ear-fhaped 
leaves, which are gray on their under fide . " Magnolia 
M A G 
lauri folio fubtus albicante. Cateib. Hift. Car. 1. p. 
39. Magnolia with a Bay leaf , which is whitifh on the 
under fide, commonly called Small Magnolia, or Laurel' 
leaved Tulip-tree. 
2. Magnolia (Grandiflora) foliis lanceo'latis perfiftenti- 
bus, caule eredo arboreo. Fig. Plant, tab. 172. Mag- 
nolia with fp ear-fhaped leaves which are evergreen, and 
an ere cr tree-like ftalk. Miagnolia altiilima, flore ingenti 
candido. Catefb. Carol. 2. p. 61. Talleft Magnolia, 
with a very large white flower, ' commonly called Greater- 
Magnolia, or Tulip-tree , with a Laurel leaf. 
3. Magnolia ( Tripetala ) foliis lanceolatis ampliflimis 
annuis, petalis exterioribus dependentibus. Magnolia 
with very large fpear-jhaped leaves which are annual, and 
the outer petals of the flower declining. Magnolia amplifli- 
mo flore albo, frudu coccineo. CatefbfCV. 2. p. 80. 
Magnolia with a very large white flower and a fear let 
fruit, commonly called Umbrella-tree. 
4. Magnolia (. Acuminata ) foliis ovato-lanceolatis acu- 
minatis annuis, petalis obtufis. Magnolia with oval, 
fpearfljaped, pointed leaves, which are annual , and obtufe 
petals to the flower. Magnolia flore albo, folio majore 
acuminate, haud albicante. Catefb. Car. 3. p. 15. Mag- 
nolia with a white flower , and a larger acute-pointed leaf, 
not whitifh. 
The firft fort grows pretty common in Virginia, Caro- 
lina, and in moft other parts of North America, " 
where it is found in moift places, near brooks ; this 
ufually grows about fifteen or fixteen feet high, with 
a flender ftem. The wood is white and iponsy, 
