*' 
M A L 
and finely cut into narrow fegments. This grows na- 
turally in the middle counties of England, and about 
Paris. 
The eleventh fort was fent from Egypt to the Royal 
Garden at Paris, and hath fince been communicated 
to many other gardens. This is an annual plant, 
whofe ltalks are about a foot long •, they are fmooth, 
and decline toward the ground. The leaves ftand up- 
on pretty long foot-ftalks, they are fhaped like a 
hand, having five divifions which join at their bafe to 
the foot-ftalk, and are indented on their fides. The 
flowers come out fingle from the wings of the ftalk, 
and at the top in clutters •, they have pretty large acute 
empalements the Rowers are fmall, and of a pale 
blue colour. Thefe appear in June, and the feeds 
ripen ,in autumn. 
The twelfth fort grows naturally in Spain ; this rifes 
with a fhrubby woolly ftalk four or five feet high, 
fending out branches on every fide, garniflied with 
angular woolly rough leaves ; the foot-ftalks arife 
from the wings of the leaves, each fupporting four 
or five flowers of a bright purple colour, fhaped like 
thofe of the common Malltfw, which appear in July, 
and the feeds ripen in autumn. This fort feldom 
continues more than two or three years:* but if the 
feeds are permitted to fcatter, young plants will come 
up the following fpring. 
The thirteenth fort grows naturally in the fouth of 
France •, this is an annual plant, which has fome re- 
femblance of the former, but the (talks are longer 
and more branched •, the leaves are cut into five ob- 
tufe lobes almoft to the bottom, and thefe are deeply 
cut on their fide. The flowers ftand upon very long 
‘ foot-ftalks ; the empalement of the flower is large, 
prickly and acute-pointed ; the flowers are blue, and 
larger than thofe of the other fort. It flowers and 
ripens its feeds about the fame time. 
The fourteenth fort grows naturally at the Cape of 
Good Hope ; this rifes with a woody ftalk ten or 
twelve feet high, fending out branches from the fide 
the whole length ; the (talks and branches are clofely 
covered with hairs, and are garnifhed with hairy 
leaves, which are indented on the fides, foas to have 
the appearance of a trilobate leaf ; thefe on the young 
plants are three inches long and two broad at their 
bafe, but as the plants grow older, they are fcarce 
half that fize. The flowers come out from the fide 
of the branches, upon foot-ftalks an inch long ^ they 
are of a deep red colour, and fhaped like thofe of the 
common Mallow, but are fmaller. This plant con- 
tinues flowering great part of the year, which ren- 
ders it valuable. 
There are two other varieties of this plant, which 
have been mentioned by fome authors as diftinft fpe- 
cies. The firft is, Alcea Africana frutefcens, grof- 
fulariae folio ampliore, unguibus florum atro-ruben- 
tibus. Aft. Phil. 1729. Shrubby African Vervain Mal- 
low, with a larger Gocfeberry leaf , and the bottoms of 
the flovoer of a dark red. The other is, Alcea Afri- 
cana frutefcens, folio grofiulariae (lore parvo rubro. 
Boerh. Ind. alt. 1. 271. Shrubby African Vervain Mal- 
low, with a Goofeberry leaf, and a fmall red fiower. 
The leaves of the laft appear very different from ei- 
ther of the other, being deeply divided into three 
lobes, which are alfo deeply indented, fo that any per- 
fon upon feeing it would fuppofe it to be a different 
Upecies but I have frequently raifed all thefe, with 
fome other intermediate varieties, from the feeds of 
one plant. 
This plant is eafily propagated by feeds, which, if 
Town in a common border in the fpring, the plants 
will come up ; but as it is too tender to live abroad 
in the winter:, 1b when the plants are three or four 
inches high, they fhould be each planted into a fe- 
parate pot of light frefh earth, placing them in the 
(hade till they have taken frefti root •, then they may 
be removed to a (bettered fituation, intermixing them 
with other hardy exotic plants, where they may re- 
main till autumn ; when the froft comes on they 
jbould be removed into the green-houfe, and after- 
ward treated in the fame way as the hardy plants from 
the fame country, always allowing them plenty of 
free air in mild weather. 
The fifteenth fort grows naturally in moft of the 
Hands in the Weft-Indies. This is an annual plant, 
which rifes about a foot high, fending out a few fhort 
branches from the Tide, which are woolly, and gar- 
nifhecl with heart-fhaped woolly leaves which are cre- 
nated on their edges, and are placed alternately upon 
pretty long foot-ftalks. The flowers are produced 
fingly from the fide of the ftalk, and in a clofe (pike 
at the top •, they are fmall, and of a pale yellow 
colour. They appear in July, and the feeds ripen 
in autumn. 
This is propagated by feeds, which muft be fown 
upon a hot-bed in the fpring ; and when the plants 
are fit to remove, they fhould be each planted in a 
feparate fmall pot filled with light frefti earth, and 
plunged into a new hot-bed, (hading them until they 
have taken frefti root-, then they muft have free air 
admitted to them in proportion to the warmth of the 
feafon, and the latter end of June they may be placed 
in the open air in a flickered fituation, where they .will 
flower and produce ripe feeds. 
The feeds of the other fpecies fhould be fown the end 
of March, upon a bed of frefh light earth, and when 
the plants afe up three or four inches high, they 
fhould be tranfplanted where they are defigned to be 
continued, allowing them a good diftance f for if 
they are planted too clofe, they do not appear fo 
well ; but they are beft when intermixed with other 
flowers of the fame growth, where they afford an 
agreeable variety. 
Thefe feeds may alfo be fown in Auguft, for the 
plants will endure the greateft cold of our climate, 
if placed on a dry foil, and will grow larger, and 
flower fooner than thofe fown in the fpring ; or if the 
feeds are permitted to fcatter, they will come up as 
the former forts, and thrive equally well. 
MALVA ARBOREA. See Lavatera. 
MALVA ROSEA. See Alcea, 
MALUS. The Apple-tree. 
The Characters are, 
The empalement of the flower is of one leaf, cut into five 
fegments. The flower confifts of five leaves , which ex- 
pand in form of a Rofe , whofe tails are irferted into the 
empalement. The fruit is hollowed about the foot -folk , 
is for the mofi part rcundijh, and umbellated at th 
top •, it is flejhy, and divided into five cells or partitions , 
in each of which is lodged one oblong feed. 
Dr. Linnaeus has joined the Pear, Apple, and Quince 
together, making them all of the fame genus, and 
has reduced all the varieties of each to one fpecies. 
The Apple he diftinguilhes by the title of Pyrus fifths 
ferratis, pomis bafi concavis. Hort. Cliff, i. e. Pear 
with flawed leaves, and the Apple hollow at the bafe. 
But where the fruit is admitted as a diftinguifhing 
chara&er of the genus, the Apple (hould be ieparated 
from the Pear, this diftin&ion being founded in na- 
ture i for thefe fruits will not take by budding or 
grafting upon each other, though it be performed 
with the utmoft care. Indeed I have fometimes fuc- 
ceeded fo far, as to have the bud or graft of an Apple 
(hoot when grafted on a Pear, but they foon decayed, 
notwithftanding all poffible care was taken of them ; 
therefore I (hall beg leave to continue the feparation 
of the Apple from the Pear, as hath been always 
pra&ifed by the botanifts before his time. 
The Species are, 
1. Malus ( Sylveflris ) foliis ovatis ferratis, caule arbo- 
reo. Apple with oval fazved heaves, and a tree-like flalk. 
Malus fylveftris, frutftu valde acerbo. Tourn. Inft. 
R. H. 635. Wild 'Apple with a very four fruit, com- 
monly called Crab. 
2. Malus ( Coronaria ) foliis ferrato-angulofis. Apple 
with angular flawed leaves . Malus fylveftris Virginia- 
na, floribus odoratis, Cat. Hort. Wild Crab of Vir- 
ginia, with a fweet-feented flower. 
3. Malus ( Pumila ) foliis ovatis ferratis, caule fruticofo. 
Apple with oval flawed leaves and a fhrubby flalk. Malus 
8 M ; pumila 
