M A L 
Will net take upon a'ny other fort of fruit tree, In 
the nurieries there are three fort of flocks generally 
uled to graft Apples upon ■, the fird are called free 
flocks ; thefe are raifed from the kernels of all forts 
of Apples indifferently, and fometimes they are alfo 
termed Crab (locks ; for all thofe trees which are pro- 
duced from the feeds before they are grafted* are 
termed Crabs without any clidindtion but, as I have 
before obferved, I fhould always prefer fuch docks 
as are raifed from the kernels of Crabs, where they ai e 
preffed for verjuice ; and I find feveral of the old wri- 
ters on this fubject of the fame mind. Mr. Auden, 
who wrote above a hundred years ago, fays, “ The 
“ dock which he accounts bed for Apple grafts is 
“ the Crab, which is better than fweeter Apple-trees 
te to graft on, becaufe they are lifually free from 
“ tanker, and will become very large trees •, and, I 
<c conceive, will lad longer than docks of fweeter 
“ Apples, and .will make fruits more drong and hardy 
“ to endure frod and it is very certain, that by 
frequently grafting fome forts of Apples upon free 
docks, the fruits have been rendered lefs firm and 
poignant, and of fhorter duration. 
The fecond fort of dock is the Dutch Creeper, be- 
fore-mentioned ; thefe are defigned to dint the growth 
of the trees, and keep them within compafs for 
dwarfs or efpaliers. 
The third fort is the Paradife Apple, which is a very 
low fhrub, fo only proper for trees which are kept in 
pots, by way of curiofity, for thefe do not continue 
long. 
Some perfons have made life of Codlin docks for 
grafting of Apples, in order to dint their growth ; 
but as thefe are commonly propagated by fuckers, I 
would by no means advife the ufing of them ; nor 
would I chufe to raife the Cod 1 in-trees from fuckers, 
but rather graft them upon Crab docks, which will 
caufe the fruit to be firmer, lad longer, and have a 
fharper davour •, and thefe trees will lad much longer 
found, and never put out fuckers, as the Codlins al- 
ways do, which, if not condantly taken off, will weak- 
en the trees, and caufe them to canker : and it is not 
only from the roots, but from the knots of their dems, 
there are generally a great number of drong fhoots 
produced, which fill the trees with ufelefs fhoots, 
and render them unfightly, and the fruit fmall and 
crumpled. 
The method of raifing docks from the kernels of 
Crabs, or Apples, is, to procure them where they are 
preffed for verjuice or cyder, and after they are 
cleared of the pulp, they may be fown upon a bed of 
light earth, covering them over about half an inch 
thick with the fame light earth ; thefe may be lown 
in November or December, where the ground is dry, 
but in wet ground, it will be better to defer it till Fe- 
bruary ; but then the feeds fhould be preferved in 
dry fand, and kept out of the reach of vermin, for 
if mice or rats can get at them, they will devour the 
feeds ; there fhould alfo be care taken of the feeds, 
when they are fown, to protedl them from thefe ver- 
min, by fetting traps to take them, &c. In the fpring, 
when the plants begin to appear, they mud be care- 
fully weeded, and if the feafon fhould prove dry, it 
will be of great fervice to water them two or three 
times a week •, and, during the fummer, they mud be 
kept clean from weeds, which, if differed to grow, 
will foon over-top the plants, andfpoil their growth; 
if thefe thrive well, they will be fit to tranfplant into 
the nurfery the Odtober following, at which time the 
ground fhould be carefully digged, and cleanfed from 
the roots of all bad weeds ; then the docks fhould be 
M A L 
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planted in rd-ws three feet afunder, arid the plants one 
• foot .didance in the rows, clofmg the earth pretty fad 
to their roots; when the docks are tranfplanted out 
of the feed-bed, the fird autumn after lowing, they 
need not be headed, but where they are inclined to 
fhoot downward, the tap root mud be fhortened, in 
order to force out horizontal roots ; if the Ground is 
. pretty good in which thefe docks are planted, and the 
weeds condantly cleared away, the docks will make 
great progrefs, fo that thofe which are intended for 
dwarfs, may be grafted the fpring twelve months 
after they are planted out of the feed-bed ; but thofe 
which are defigned for dandards will require two or 
three years more growth, before they will be fit to 
graft, by which time they will be upward of fix feet 
high. The other neceffary work to be obferved in 
the culture of thefe trees, while they remain in the 
nurfery, being exhibited under the article v of Nur- 
sery, I fhall not repeat in this place. 
I fhall next treat of the manner of planting fuch of 
thefe trees, as are defigned for efpaliers in the kitchen- 
garden, where, if there is an extent of ground, it 
will be proper to plant, not only fuch forts ~as are for 
the ufe of the table, but alfo a quantity of trees to 
fupply the kitchen ; but where the kitchen-garden is 
fmall, the latter mud be fupplied from dandard-trees, 
either from the orchard, or wherever they are planted ; 
but as many of thefe kitchen Apples are large, and 
hang late in the autumn upon the trees,, they°wili be 
much more expofed to the drong winds on dandarcl 
trees than in efpaliers, whereby many of the fruit 
will be blown down before they are ripe, and others 
bruifed, fo as to prevent their keeping ; therefore 
where it can be done, I fhould always prefer the 
planting them in efpaliers. 
The didance which I fhould chufe to allow thefe trees, 
fhould not be lefs than thirty feet, for fuch forts as 
are of moderate growth (if upon Crab'or free docks :) 
but the larger growing forts fhould not be allowed 
lefs room than thirty-five or forty feet, which will 
be found full near enough, if the ground is good, 
and the trees properly trained ; for as the branches 
of thefe trees fhould not be fhortened, but trained at 
their full length, fo in a few years they will be found 
to meet. Indeed, at the fird planting, the didance 
will appear fo great to thofe perfons who have not ob- 
ferved the vigorous growth of thefe trees, that they 
will fupppfe they never can extend their branches fo 
far, as to cover the efpalier ; but if thefe perfons will 
but obferve the growth of dandard-trees of the fame 
kinds, and fee how wide their branches are extended 
on every fide, they may be foon convinced, that as 
thefe efpalier-trees are allowed to fpread but on two 
Tides, they will of courfe make make more progrefs, 
as the whole nourifhment of the root will be em- 
ployed in thefe fide branches, than where there is a 
greater number of branches on every fide of the tree, 
which are to be fupplied with the fame nourifhment. 
The next thing to be obferved is the making choice 
of fuch forts of fruits as grow nearly alike, to plant 
in the fame efpalier. This is of great confequence, 
becaufe of the didance they are to be placed, other- 
wife thofe forts which make the larged fhoots, may 
be allowed lefs room to fpread than thofe of fmaller 
growth ; befide, when all the trees in one efpalier 
are nearly equal in growth, they will have a better 
appearance than when fome are tall, and others fhort ; 
but for the better indru&ion of thofe perfons who are 
not converfant in thefe things, I fhall divide the forts 
of Apples into three clafTes according to their different 
growths. 
y fre* 
/ 
Larged 
