M A L 
/ 
Larged growing tree. 
All the forts of Pearmains. 
Kentifh Pippin. 
Holland Pippin. 
Monftrous Renette. 
Royal Ruffet. 
Wheeler’s Rudet. 
Pile’s Rudet. 
Nonpareil. 
Violet Apple. 
Middle growing tree, 
Margaret Apple. 
Golden Renette. 
Aromatic Pippin. 
Embroidered Apple. 
Renette Grife. 
White Renette. 
Codlin. 
Smaileft growing trees, 
Quince Apple. 
Tranfparent Apple. 
Golden Pippin. 
Pomme d’Api. 
Fenouilletj or Anis Apple, 
N. B. Thefe are all fuppofed to be grafted on the fame fort of docks. 
If thefe Apples are grafted upon Crab docks, I would 
willingly place them at the following didance from 
each other, efpecially where the foil is good, viz. the 
larged growing trees at forty feet, the middle grow- 
ing at thirty feet, and the fmall growing at twenty- 
five feet, which, from condant experience, I find to 
be full near enough ; for in many places, where I 
have planted thefe trees at twenty-four feet didance, 
they have fhot fo drong, as that in feven years their 
branches have met •, and in fome places where every 
other tree hath been taken up, the branches have al- 
moid joined in feven years after-, therefore it will be 
much the better way to plant thefe trees at a proper 
didance at fird, arid between thefe to plant fome 
Dwarf Cherries, Currants, or other forts of fruit, to 
bear for a few years, which may be cut away when 
the Apple-trees have extended their branches to 
them ; for when the Apple-trees are planted nearer 
together, few perfons care to cut down the trees, 
when they are fruitful, fo that they are obliged to 
ufe the knife, faw, and chifel, more than is proper 
for the future good of the trees ; and many times, 
where perfons are inclinable to take away part of their 
trees, the didances will be often fo irregular (where 
there was not this confideration in their fird planting,) 
as to render the efpalier unfightly. 
When the trees are upon the Dutch Dwarf dock, the 
didance Ihould be for the larger growing trees thirty 
feet, for thofe of middle growth twenty-five, and the 
fmalled twenty feet, which will be found full near 
where the trees thrive well. 
'Lhe next is the choice of the trees, which Ihould not 
be more than two years growth from the graft, but 
thofe of one year fhould be preferred ; you fhould 
aifo be careful, that their docks are young, found, 
and fmooth, free from canker, and which have not 
been cut down once or twice in the nurfery when 
they are taken up, all the fmall fibres Ihould be en- 
tirely cut off from their roots, which, if left on, will 
turn mouldy and decay, fo will obdrud the new fi- 
bres, which will foon pufh out, in their growth ; the 
extreme part of the roots mud alfo be diortened, and 
all bruifed roots cut off ; and if there are any mif- 
placed roots which crofs each other, they fhould alfo 
be cut away. As to the pruning of the head of thefe 
trees, there need be nothing more done than to cut 
off any branches which are fo fituated, as that they 
cannot be trained to the line of the efpalier : in the 
planting, there mud be care taken not to place their 
roots too deep in the ground, efpecially if the foil is 
moid, but rather raife them on a little hill, which 
will be neceffary to allow for the raifing of the bor- 
ders afterward. The bed feafon for planting thefe 
trees (in all foils which are not very moid) is, from 
Odober, to the middle or latter end of November, 
according as the feafon continues mild ; but fo foon 
as the leaves fall, they may be removed with great 
fafety. After the trees are planted, it will be pro- 
per to place down a dake to each tree, to which the 
branches fhould be fattened, to prevent the winds 
from fhaking or loofening their roots, which will de- 
dray the young fibres for when thefe trees are 
planted pretty early in autumn, they will very foon 
pufh out a great number of new fibres, which, being 
very tender, are foon broken, by the wind fhaking 
of the trees, whereby they are. greatly injured, if 
the winter fhould prove fevere, it will be proper to 
lay fome rotten dung, tanners bark, or fome other 
fort of mulch about their roots, to prevent the froft 
from penetrating of the ground, which might da- 
mage thefe tender fibres ; but I would not advife the 
laying of this mulch before the frod begins, for if 
it is laid over the furface of the ground about their 
roots, foon after the trees are planted (as is often 
praftifed,) it will prevent the moidure entering the 
ground, and do much more harm than good to the 
trees. 
The following fpring, before the trees begin to 
pufh, there fhould be two or three fhort dakes put 
down on each fide every tree, to which the branches 
fhould be fadened down as horizontally as poffible, 
never cutting them down, as is by fome pradtifed, 
for there will be no danger of their putting out b anch-t s 
enough to furnifh the efpalier, if the trees are once 
well edablifhed in their new quarters. 
In the pruning of thefe trees, the chief point is, ne- 
ver to fhorten any of the branches, unlefs there is 
an abfolute want of fhoots to fill the lpaces of the 
efpalier ; for where the knife is much uled, it only 
multiplies ufelefs fhoots, and prevents their fruiting ; 
fo that the bed method to manage thefe trees is, to 
go over them three or four times in the growing fea- 
fon, and rub off all fuch fhoots as are irregularly pro- 
duced, and train the others down to the flakes in 
the pofition they are to remain : if this is carefully 
performed in dimmer, there will be little left to be 
done in the winter, and by bending of their fnoots 
from time to time, as they are produced, there will 
be no occafion to ufe force to bring them down, nor 
any danger of breaking the branches. The didance 
which thefe branches fhould be trained from each 
other, for the larged forts of fruits fhould be about 
feven or eight inches, and for the fmaller four or five. 
If thefe plain indruclions are followed, it will fave 
much unneceffary labour of pruning, and the trees 
will, at all times, make a handfome appearance ; 
whereas when they are differed to grow rude in dim- 
mer, there will be much greater difficulty to bring- 
down their fhoots, efpecially if they are grown dub- 
born, when it may become neceffary to flit the branches 
to make them pliable. All the forts of Apples pro- 
duce their fruit upon curfons, or fpurs, fo that 
thefe fhould never be cut off, for they will continue 
fruitful a great number of years. 
The method of making the efpaliers having been 
already exhibited under that article, I need not re- 
peat it here, but only obferve, that, it will be bed to 
defer making the efpalier till the trees have had three 
or four years growth ; for before that time, the 
branches may be fupported by a few upright dakes, 
fo that there will be no neceffity to make the efpalier, 
until there are diffident branches to fur nidi all the 
lower part. 
I fhall now treat of the method to plant orchards, fo 
as to have them produce the greated profit. And 
fird, in the choice of the foil and fitnation for an or- 
chard : the bed fituation for an orchard is, on the af- 
cent of the gentle hills, facing the fouth, or fouth- 
ead , but this afcent mud not be too deep, led the 
earth fhould be walked down by hady rains. There 
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