MAM 
horfes, in the compafs of one week; and if fheepare 
put into orchards, they will conftantly rub their bo- 
dies againft the Items of the trees, and their greafe 
kicking to the bark, will Hint their growth, and in 
time will fpoil them ; therefore wherever orchards 
are planted, it will be much the better method to 
keep the ground ploughed or dug annually, and fuch 
crops put on the ground as will not draw too much 
nourifhment from the trees. 
In pruning of orchard-trees, nothing more fhould be 
done, but to cut out all thofe branches which crofs 
each other, and, if left, would rub and tear off the 
bark, as alfo decayed branches, but never fhorten any 
of their fhoots. If fuckers, or fhoots from their 
Items, fhould come out, they mull: be entirely taken 
off annually ; and when any branches are broken by 
the wind, they fhould be cut off, either down to the 
divifion of the branch, or clofe to the ftem from 
whence it was produced ; the beft time for this work 
is in November, for it fhould not be done in frofty 
weather, nor in the fpring, when the fap begins to 
be in motion. 
The beft method to keep Apples for winter ufe is, 
to let them hang upon the trees until there is danger 
of froft, and to gather them in dry weather, laying 
them in large heaps to fweat for three weeks or a 
month ; afterward look them over carefully, taking 
out all fuch as have appearance of decay, wiping all 
the found fruit dry, and pack them up in large oil- 
jars, which have been thoroughly fcalded and dry, 
Hopping them down clofe to exclude the external 
air : if this is duly obferved, the fruit will keep found 
a long time, and their flefh will be plump ; for when 
they are expofed to the air, their lkins will fhrink, 
and their pulp will be loft. 
M ALUS ARMENIACA. See Armeniaca. 
MALUS AURANTIA. See Aurantia. 
MALUS LIMONI A. See Limonia. 
MALUS MEDIC A. See Citreum* 
MALUS PERSIC A. See Persica. 
MALUS PUNIC A. See Punica. 
M A M M E A. Plum. Nov. Gen. 44. tab. 4. Lin. 
Gen. Plant. 583. The Mammee-tree. 
The Characters are, 
* The empalement of the flower is compcfed of two fmall , 
aval , concave leaves , which fall off. 'The flower has 
four large concave petals , which fpread open. It hath 
many awl-fhaped jlamina , terminated by roundifh fummits , 
and in the center a roundiflo germen , with a conical flyle 
the length of the Jlamina , crowned by a Jingle permanent 
Jligma. The germen afterward turns to a large flefhy 
fruit , of a fpherical figure, inclofing one , two, or three 
large almofl oval Jlones. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft feftion of 
Linnaeus’s thirteenth clafs, intitled Polyandria Mo- 
nogynia, which includes the plants whofe flowers 
have many ftamina and one ftyle. 
There is but one Species of this tree known in the 
Englifh gardens, viz. 
Mammea ftaminibus flore brevioribus. Mammee with 
the Jlamina Jhorter than the flower. Mammea magno 
frudu, perficae fapore. Plum. Nov. Gen. 44. Mam- 
mee with a large fruit, having the tafte of a Peach. 
This tree, in the Weft-Indies, grows to the height 
of fixty or feventy feet ; the leaves are large and ftiff, 
and continue green all the year ; the fruit is as large 
as a man’s fift ; when ripe, it is of a yellowifh green 
colour, and is very grateful to the tafte. It grows 
in great plenty in the Spanifh Weft-Indies, where the 
fruit is generally fold in their markets, and is efteem- 
ed one of the beft fruits in the country. It alfo grows 
on the hills of Jamaica, and has been transplanted 
into moft of the Caribbee Iflands, where it thrives 
exceeding well. 
In England there are fome few of thefe plants, which 
are preferved with great care by fuch as are curious 
in cultivating exotic plants ; but there are none of 
any confiderable fize, fo that we cannot expect to fee 
either fruit or flowers for fome years. Thefe plants 
may be propagated by planting the ftones, which are 
MU M 
often brought from the WefLlndias, (which fhould 
be very frefh, otherwife they will not grow,) into pots 
filled with frefh light earth, and plunged into a hot- 
bed of tanners bark, obferving to water the earth 
whenever it appears dry. In about a month or fit 
weeks the plants will appear above ground, after 
which they mult be frequently refrefhed with water, 
and in hot weather the glaffes of the hot-bed fhould 
be raifed to let in frefh air. In twd months the 
roots of the plants will have filled the pots, when you 
fhould provide fome pots of a little larger fize, into 
which you fhould tranlplant the plants, being careful 
to prefer ve as much earth to their roots a-s poffible 5 
then you fhould fill up the pots with frefh light earth, 
and plunge them into the bark-bed again, obferving 
to water and fhade them until they have taken root, 
after which they fhould be conftantly refreihed with 
water as you fhall find they want it, and mufl have 
air in hot weather. In this bed they may remain till 
Michaelmas, when they tnuft be removed into the 
bark-ftove, where they mufl be conftantly kept, ob- 
ferving to refrefh them with water, but it muft be 
given to them fparingly at this fealbn, as alfo to clean 
their leaves from the filth they are apt to contract in 
the ftove ; the fpring following they fhould be fhifted 
into frefh earth, and if they require it, into larger 
pots, but by no means over-pot them, for they do not 
produce many roots, therefore if the pots are too 
large the plants will not thrive ; they muft be con- 
ftantly kept in the bark-ftove, and may be treated 
after the manner directed for the Coffee-tree. 
If, when the ftones of this fruit are brought over, 
they are put into the tan-bed, under the bottom of 
any of the pots, they will fpfout fooner than thofe 
which are planted in the earth. 
MANC ANILLA. See Hippomane, 
MANDRAGORA. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 7 6. tab. 
12. Lin. Sp. Plant. 221. Mandrake; in French, 
Mandragore. ' 
The Characters are. 
The empalement of the flower is large , b ell ff aped, eredt 7 
and permanet ; it is of one leaf, cut at the top into jive 
acute fegments. The flower hath one ereli bell floated' 
petal which fpreads open , and is a little larger than the 
empalement. It has five awl-fhaped Jlamina , which are 
arched and hairy at their bafe. In the center is fituated 
a roundiflo germen , fupporting an awl-fhaped ftyle , crown- 
ed by a headed Jligma. The germen afterward turns to a 
large round berry with two cells , having aflejhy receptacle 
convex on each fide , filled with kidney-fhaped feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fedtion of 
Linnaeus’s fifth clafs, intitled Pentandria Monogynia, 
which contains thofe plants whofe flowers have five 
ftamina and one ftyle. 
We have but one Species of this genus in the 
Englifh gardens, viz. 
Mandragora ( Offcinarum .) Flort. Cliff. 51. The Man- 
drake. Mandragora frudtu rotundo. C. B. P. 169. 
Mandrake with a round fruit. 
This plant grows naturally in Spain, Portugal, Italy, 
and the Levant, but is preferved here in the gardens 
of the curious. It hath a long taper root fhaped like 
Parfnep, which runs three or four feet deep in the 
ground ; it is fometimes Angle, and at others divided 
into two or three branches, aimoft of the colour of 
Parfnep, but a little darker ; from this arifes a circle 
of leaves, which at firft ftand eredl, but, when grown 
to their full fize, fpread open, and lie upon the 
ground ; they are more than a foot in length, and 
four or five inches broad in the middle, growing nar- 
row toward both ends, of a dark green colour, and a 
foetid feent. Thefe- rife immediately from the crown 
of the root, without any foot-ftalk ; between them 
come out the flowers, each Handing upon a feparate 
foot-ftalk about three inches long, which alfo arife 
immediately from the root; they are five-cornered, 
of an herbaceous white colour, fpreading open at the 
top like a Primrofe, having five hairy ftamina, with 
a globular germen in the center, fupporting an awl- 
fhaped ftyle. The germen afterward turns to a gk>- 
