MAR 
fill the .pots, with their- roots in about a month or fix 
weeks time, when they fhould be fhifted into pots 
about a foot diameter at the top, which fhould be 
filled with light rich earth,- and then plunged into 
the hot-bed in the bark-ftove, where they ®uld be 
allowed room, becaufe they put out many fide 
branches, and will grow three feet high or more, ac- 
cording to the warmth of the bed, and the care which 
is taken to fupply them conftantly with water ; and 
fhould be conitandy kept in the tan-bed, giving them 
plenty of free air at all times when the weather is 
warm, but they will not bear to be. expofed abroad 
in this country j when thefe plants thrive well they 
will fend out many fide branches, which will all of 
them produce frnall fpikes of flowers but it is only 
from the firft fpike of flowers that good feeds can 
be expected in this country, fo that particular care 
fhould be taken, that none of thefe are pulled off or 
cieftroyed, becaufe it is very difficult to obtain good 
feeds here •, and I believe few of thofe that are pro- 
duced on the fide branches in the natural country of 
their growth, are duly ripened ■, for I have received 
a great quantity of thefe feeds from abroad, which 
have appeared to be very good, and yet few of them 
have grown. 
The feeds of thefe plants have a ftrong green cover- 
ing on them, as thick as the outer covering of an Al- 
mond, and when the feeds are ripe, the covering 
opens, and lets the feeds fall, in the lame manner as 
the covering of Almonds, Walnuts, &c. In each co- 
vering there is one hard nut, in fhape fomewhat like a 
beetle, having two fharp crooked horns at one end. 
This nut contains four embryos, but there are fel- 
dom more than two feeds which are perfect in any of 
them. However, when they are fown, the whole nut 
nui ft be planted, for it is fo hard, that it is almoft 
impoffible to take out the feeds without fpoiling them ; 
fo where' there are two plants produced from the lame 
nut, they are eafily feparated, efpecially if they are 
tranfplanted while young. T. hefe feeds will continue 
good for fome years, for I faved a pretty large quan- 
tity of them in the year 1734, part of which I fowed 
the following year, but had not one plant produced 
from them ; the remainder of the feeds I divided, 
and fowed fome of them every fucceeding year, with- 
out any fuccefs, until the year 1738, when I fowed 
all the feeds I had left, from which I had one plant 
produced 3 fo that if the feeds are good, it is evi- 
dent they will grow when they are four years old ; 
therefore, whenever we receive good feeds from 
abroad, or fave any in this country which are per- 
fectly ripened, it will be proper to preferve fome of 
them for a year or two, left a bad feafon fhould hap- 
pen, when the plants may not perfeeft their feeds ; fo 
that if this precaution be not taken, the ipeci.es may 
be loft in Europe. 
Thefecond fort dies to the root every winter, and 
rifes again the fucceeding fpring ; this muft be con- 
stantly preferved in the ftove, and plunged into the 
bark-bed, otherwife it will not thrive in this country. 
During- the winter feafon, when the plants are decay- 
ed, they fhould have but little water given to them, 
for at that time it will rot the roots. In the middle 
'of March, juft before the plants begin to fhoot, is the 
proper feafon to tranfplant and part toe roots, wh>_n 
they fhould be planted into pots of a middle fize, 
filled with light rich earth, and then plunged into 
the bark-bed, -which fhould at this time be renewed 
with fome frefh tan. When the plants come up, they 
muft be frequently refreshed with water, but it muft 
not be given to them m large quantities. Eft it rot 
their tender roots ; and as the warmth of the feafon 
increafes, it will be proper to admit a large fhare of 
frefh air, which will greatly ftrengthen the plants •, 
they muft alfo be placed in the tan-bed, where they are 
not over-hung, orfhadedby other plants •, nor fhould 
they be Ihifted or tranfplanted when they are in leaf, 
for that will prevent their flowering. As the roots 
of this plant increafe very faft, there is no neceffity 
for ufing other methods to propagate it i otherwife 
M A T 
the fhoots of the young (talks will take root, if they 
are planted in pots filled with light earth, and plunged 
into a hot-bed during any of the fummer months. 
The third fort grows naturally in Louifiana, from 
whence the feeds were brought to France. This is. 
an an final plant, having a fucculent vifeous ftalk, 
which divides into many branches 5 thefe thick fuc- 
culent ftalks become too weighty for the ftalk to 
fupport them, whereby the ftalk generally is brought 
to the ground, unlefs it is well fupported : the leaves 
are large, vifeous, and hairy j fome of them are cut 
into -angles, but for the moft part they are entire, 
five or fix inches long, and four' broad in the mid- 
dle. The flowers are produced from the forks of 
the ftalk in fhort fpikes ; they are of a pale red co- 
lour, and in fhape and fize like thofe of the firft fort j 
they are fucceeded by fruit four or five inches long, 
having a thick green cover, which parts and falls oft' 
when ripe, leaving a rough beetle-fhaped vein:!, hav- 
ing two very long horns at the end, opening in two 
parts, containing feveral oval feeds, covered with 
a black fkin, which muft be taken off before the feeds 
are fown. 
This being an annual plant, fhould be brought for- 
ward in the fpring, by lowing the feeds on a hot-bed 
the latter end of March *, and when the plants come 
up, they fhould be treated almoft in the fame man- 
ner as the firft, with this difference only, that being 
more hardy than the firft, the plants fhould have more 
air admitted to them, to prevent their drawing up 
weak ; nor fhould they have too much water in fum- 
mer, which is apt to rot their fucculent ftems before 
the feeds are perfefted. 
MARVEL OF PERU. See Mirabilis. 
MARUM. See Teucrium. 
M A R U M VULGARE. See Satureja. 
MARYGOLD. See Calendula. 
MARYGOLD (AFRICAN.) SccTagetes. 
MARYGOLD (FIG.) See Mesembryanthemum, 
MARYGOLD (FRENCH.) See Tagetes. 
MASTERWORT. See Imperatqria. 
MASTICHINA. See Satureja. 
MATRICARIA. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 493. tab. 
281. Lin. Gen. Plant. 867. [fo called from the ma- 
trix, becaufe this plant is very good againft difeafes 
of the womb j and for the fame reafon it is called 
Parthenium, of n«f 9 c»Q 4 a virgin.] Feverfew - y in 
French, Matricaire. 
The Characters are. 
It hath a compound flower. The ray , or herder , is com- 
pofed of many female half floret s, and the dijk, which 
is hemiflpherical , of hermaphrodite florets •, thefe are in- 
cluded in one common hemiflpherical empalcment , compofed 
of linear fcales , nearly equal. Fhe female half florets 
are tcngue-Jhaped , and indented in three parts at the end 5 
thefe have a naked ger men, Supporting a fender flyle, ter- 
minated by two twifted jiigmas. Fhe hermaphrodite flo- 
rets are tubulous , ftinnel-Jhaped , and cut into five parts at 
the brim, which fpread open they have each five hairy 
fljort fiamina , terminated by cylindrical flnmmits , and an 
oblong naked germen , with a fender ftyle , crowned by a 
bifid fpreading fiigma, He germen of both turn to f ingle, 
oblong , naked feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond feftion 
of Linnaeus’s nineteenth clafs, which includes the 
plants with compound flowers, whofe ftamina and 
ftyles are connected, and the florets are all fruitful. 
The Species are, 
1. Matricaria ( Parthenium ) foliis compofitis planis, 
foliolis ovatis incifis, pedunculis ramofis. Hort. Cliffl 
416. Feverfew with plain compounded leaves, whofe lobes 
are oval and cut, having branching foot -ftalks. Matri- 
caria vulgaris, feu fativa. C. E. P. 133. Common, or 
Garden Feverfew . 
2. Matricaria {Maritima) receptaculis hemifphaericis, 
foliis bipinnatis fubcarnofis, iupr-a convexis, fubtus 
carinatis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 891. Feverfew with hemi- 
fpherical receptacles, doubly winged leaves, which are fiejhy, 
and convex on their upper fide, but keel-ftaped below. 
Chamssmeliim maritimum perenne humilius, foliis 
brevoribus 
