MON 
will produce their fruit tolerably well ; and in this 
way they make a better appearance, than when the 
Vines fpread on the ground like Cucumbers and Me- 
lons. But when the plants fpread on the ground, 
which is their natural way of growing, they- thrive 
much better, and produce more fruit, than when they 
are fupported •, for though thefe plants have clafpers, 
yet thefe are not formed for climbing, but merely to . 
fallen themfeives about any neighbouring (import, to 
fecure them from being railed by the wind and brok- 
en ; which would often happen, where they grow in 
the open air and are fully expofed, were it not for 
this ie'eurity. 
The fourth fort is eafrly propagated by feeds, which 
(as was before mentioned) if permitted to fcatter, 
there will be a fupply of plants come up the following 
fpring ; or if the feeds are fown upon a bed of light 
earth, the plants -will come up in about a month after, 
and may be tranfplanted to an open fpot of ground, 
in rows at three or four feet diftance, and aimoft as 
far aftinder in the rows ; if thefe are carefully tranf- 
planted while young, there will be little hazard of their 
growing , and after they have taken new root, they 
Will require no further care, but to keep them clear 
from weeds. If the ground is dry in which they are 
planted, the roots will continue three or four years, 
unlefs the winter fhould prove very fevere, which will 
kill them. 
MONARDA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 34. Leonurus. 
Tourn. I ait. R. FI. 187. tab. 87. 
The Characters are. 
The flower has a tubulous cylindrical empalement of one 
lea f which is channelled , and cut into five equal parts at 
the brim. The flower hath one petal , and is of the lip 
kind , having a cylindrical tube longer than the empale- 
ment , divided at the top into two lips. The upper lip is 
narrow , entire, and erect ; the under lip is broad , trifid , 
and reflexed ; the middle Jegment being long and narrow , 
tkofe on the fide are obtufle. It hath two briftly flamina 
the length of the upper lip , in which it is involved , ter- 
minated by comprejfed erect fummits. In the bottom of 
the tube is fituated a four-pointed germen , fupporting a 
fender fiyle involved with the flamina , and crowned by an 
acute bifid fligma. The germen afterward turns to four 
naked feeds , inclofed in the empalement. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fedion of 
Linnaeus’s fecond clafs, which includes the plants 
whofe flowers have two flamina and one ftyle. 
The Species are, 
1. Monarda ( Fifiulofa ) capitulis terminalibus, caule 
obtuf-angulo. Hort. Upfal. 12. Monarda with heads 
of flowers terminating the folks , which have obtufle an- 
gles. Leonurus Canadenfis, origani folio. Tourn. 
Inft. R. H. 187. Canada Lion's Tail, with an Origa- 
num leaf. 
2. Monarda ( Didyma ) floribus capitatis, fub-didyna- 
mis, caule acutangulo. Lin. Sp. Plant. 32. Monarda 
with headed flowers , whofe flamina are aimoft in two bo- 
dies, and an acute angular ftalk. Monarda floribus ca- 
pitatis verticillatifque, caule acutangulo, foliis lance- 
olato-ferratis glabris. Butt. Cun. 226. Monarda with 
flowers collected in heads and whorls , an acute- angular 
ftalk, and flmooth. Jawed , fp ear -fie aped leaves , commonly 
called Oflwego Tea. 
3. Monarda ( PunCtata ) floribus verticillatis, corollis 
pundatis. Flort. IJpfal. 12. Monarda with flowers 
growing in whorls, whofe petals are fpotted. Clinopo- 
diurn Virginianum, anguftifolium, floribus amplis 
luteis, purpura macula notatis, cujus caulis fub quo- 
vis verticillo decern vel duodecim foiiolis rubentibus 
eft circumcindis. Banift. Raii Sup. 300. Narrow- 
leaved Field Bafil of Virginia , with large yellow flowers 
fpotted with purple , whofe flalks have ten or twelve red- 
difh leaves under each whorl of flowers. 
The fir ft fort grows naturally in Canada, and many 
other parts of North America. It hatha perennial 
root, compofed of many ftrong fibres, which fpread 
far on every fide. The (talks rife near three feet high, 
which are hairy, and have obtule angles; thefe fend 
out two or four final! fide branches toward the top, 
MON 
garaifhed with oblong leaves, broad at their brie, but 
terminate in acute points •, they are hairy, a little in- 
dented on their edges, (landing on (hort hairy foot • 
(talks, and are placed oppofite. - The (talk and 
branches are terminated by heads of purple flowers, 
which have a long involucrum, compofed of five 
acute-pointed leaves. The flowers have each two 
ftamina which are longer than the petal, with a ftyle 
of the fame length, crowned by a bifid ftigma. The 
flowers appear in July, and are fucceeded by feeds 
which ripen in the autumn. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in North America, 
where the inhabitants frequently ufe the leaves for 
tea, fo it is commonly called Qfwego Tea, by which 
title it was brought to England. This hath a peren- 
nial root and an annual (talk, which decays every au- 
tumn. The (talks of this fort are finooth, having 
* C? 
four acute angles •, they rife about two feet high, and 
are garnifhed with fmooth, oval, (pear-fhaped leaves, 
which are indented on their edges, and .(land oppofite 
on very (hort foot-ftalks ; thefe when bruifed, emit a 
very grateful refrefhing odour ; the (talks fend out 
toward their top two or four fmall fide branches, 
which are garnifhed with fmall leaves of the fame 
(hape with the other. The flowers are produced in 
large heads or whorls at the top of the (talk, and 
there is often a fmailer whorl of flowers, growing 
round the ftalk at a joint below the head ; and out of 
the head arifes a naked foot-ftalk, fuftaining a fmall 
head or whorl of flowers : the flowers are of a bright 
red colour ; they have two lips, the upper lip is 
long, narrow, and entire, the under lip is cut into 
three parts ; they have each two ftamina which are 
longer than the petal, terminated by comprefied fum- 
mits, and many of them have two fhorter ftamina, 
without fummits. The plant flowers in July, but in a 
rnoiit feafon, or when the plants are in a mold foil, 
they will continue in flower till the middle or latter 
end of September. 
Both t’nele forts may be propagated by parting of 
their roots ; the firft does not multiply lb faft as the 
fecond, but as that produces plenty of feeds, fo it may 
be eafily propagated that way. If the feeds are (own 
in the autumn foon after they are ripe, the plants will 
come up the following fpring •, but if they are not 
fown till fpring, the plants feldom rife till the next 
year. When the plants are come up and are fit to 
remove, they flaould be tranfplanted into a (hady bor- 
der about nine inches diftance, and when they have 
taken new root, they will require no other care but to 
keep them clean from weeds till the autumn, when 
they (hould be tranfplanted into the borders where 
they are to remain. The following fummer they 
will flower and produce ripe feeds, but the roots 
will continue feveral years, and may be parted eve- 
ry other year to increafe them. This loves a foft 
loamy foil, and a fituation not too much expofed to 
the fun. 
The fecond fort feldom ripens feeds in England, but 
it increafes fait enough by its creeping roots, as alfo 
by flips or cuttings, which, if planted in a fhady bor- 
der in May, will take root in the fame manner as 
Mint or Balm; but as the roots multiply fo faft, there 
is feldom occafion to ufe any other method to propa- 
gate them. 
This fort loves a moift light foil, and in a fituation 
where the plants have only the morning fun, they will 
continue longer in flower than thofe which are expofed 
to the full fun. This is a very ornamental plant in 
gardens, and the fcent of the leaves is very refrefhing 
and agreeable to molt people, and fome are very fond 
of the tea made with the young leaves. 
The third fort grows naturally in North America ; 
this is a biennial plant, and probably in its native 
country may be an annual, for the roots perifh after 
the plants have perfe&ed their feeds. This hath 
fquare (talks which rife about two feet high, branch- 
ing out from the bottom to the top, and are garnifh- 
ed with fpear-fhaped leaves, which come out in drif- 
ters at each joint, where there are two larger leaves 
placed 
