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otic from the wings of the leaves on each fide the 
ftalk ; thefe have very long tabes, which are llender 
at the bottom, but are enlarged upward, and are a 
little incurved •, the brim fpreads open with two large 
lips, the upper lip is indented at the top and round- 
ed, the lower lip is cut into three obtufe iegments - s 
under the lip are fituated two briftly (lamina which 
are crooked, and crowned with yellow iummits. 
Thefe flowers appear in July, but I never had any 
feeds fucceed them. Some of the flowers are white, 
and others of a purplifh red on the fame plant. 
This plant is propagated by feed, which fhould be 
fown ibon after it is ripe in the autumn, otherwife the 
plants will not come up the following fummer •, for I 
have feveral times obferved, where the feeds have 
been fown in the fpring, they have remained in the 
ground fourteen or fifteen months before the plants 
have appeared. Thefe feeds fliould be fown in the 
places where the plants are to remain, becaufe they 
lend forth tap-roots, which run very deep into the 
ground •, and when thefe are broken or injured in 
tranfplanting, the plants feldorn thrive after. They 
may be fown in open beds or borders of frefh light 
earth, being careful to mark the places, that the 
ground may not be diflurbed ; for it frequently hap- 
pens, that the feeds do not come up the firft year, 
when they are fown in autumn •, but when they are 
fown in the fpring, they never come up the fame 
year. The ground where the feeds are fown muft be 
kept clear from weeds, which is all that is neceffary 
to be done, until the plants come up ^ where they 
are too dole together, they fhould be thinned while 
young, fo as to leave them near eighteen inches apart •, 
after which time, they will require no other culture 
but to keep them conftantly clear from weeds and 
in the fpring, juft before the plants put out new 
leaves, to dig the ground gently between them, and 
lay a little frefh earth over the furface of the bed 
to encourage them. 
In autumn thefe plants decay to the ground, and 
fend forth new leaves the following fpring, but it will 
be three years from the time of the plants firft coming 
up to their flowering, though after that time they will 
flower every feafon ; and the roots will continue ma- 
ny years, provided they are not diflurbed, or killed 
by very fevere froft. 
MORUS. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 589. tab. 363. Lin. 
Gen. Plant. 936. [of ^ocvfot;, black, becaufe its fruit 
is ordinarily fo.] The Mulberry-tree ; in French, 
Murier. 
The Characters are, 
It hath male flowers growing at feparate difiances from 
the female on the fame tree . The male flowers are col- 
lected in long taper ropes or katkins thefe have no petals, 
but have four awl- fo aped ere £1 flamina , which are 
longer than the empalement , terminated by Jingle fummits. 
The female flowers are colie bled into roundijh heads ; thefe 
have no petals , but a hear t-Jh aped germen , fupporiing 
two long , roughs reflexed flyles , crowned by Jingle ftigmas. 
The empalement of thefe afterward become large, fiefoy, 
fiicciilent fruit , compofed of feveral protuberances , in each 
of which is lodged one oval feed. 
This genus is ranged in the fourth fedlion of Linnae- 
us’s twenty-firft ciafs, which contains thofe plants 
which have male and female flowers at feparate dif- 
tances on the fame plant, and the male flowers have 
four ftamina. 
The Species are, 
1. Mqrus {Nigra) foliis cordatis. Hort. Cliff. 441. 
Mulberry with rough heart-Jhaped leaves. Morus fructu 
nigro. C. R. P. 459. Mulberry with a black fruit , or 
the common Mulberry. 
2. 'Morus (_ Laciniatis ) foliis palmatis hirfutis. Mulberry 
with hand-fsaped hairy leaves. Morus fruftu nigro 
minor: foliis deganter ladniatis. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 
5.89. Smaller black Mulberry with elegant cut leaves. 
3. Mqrus {Rubra) foliis cordatis fubtus villofis, amends 
cyiindricis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 986. Mulberry with he art - 
fbaped leaves which are hairy on their under fide, and cy- 
lindrical katkins. Morus Virginienfis arbor, loti arbo- 
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ris inftar ramofa, foliis ampliffimis. Fluk. Phyt. tab. 
246. fob 4. Virginia Mulberry branching like the Nettle- 
tree , having very large leaves. 
4. Morus {Alba) foliis oblique cordatis ksvibus. Hort. 
Cliff. 441. Mulberry with oblique, Smooth, heart-J, hoped 
leaves. Morus fru&u alba. C. B. P. 459. Mulberry 
with a white fruit. 
5. Morus {Tinbtoria) foliis oblique cordatis acurninatis 
hirfutis. Mulberry with oblique, heart-Jhaped, acute- 
pointed, hairy leaves. Morus frudu viridi, ligno ful- 
phureo tindorio. Sloan. Hift. Jam. 2. p. 3. Mulberry 
with a green fruit, whofe wood dyes a fulphur colour, or 
Fuflick wood. 
6 . Morus ( Papyrifera ) foliis palmatis, frudibus hifpi- 
dis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 986. Mulberry with hand-Jhaped 
leaves and prickly fruit. Morus fativa, foliis urticse 
mortuae, cortice papyrifera. Ktemp. Amoen.471. Cul- 
tivated Mulberry with leaves like Dead Nettle, and of 
whofe bark paper is made. 
7. Morus {Tatarica) foliis ovato-oblongis utrinque 
aequalibus, inasqualiter ferratis. Flor. Zeyl. 337. Mul- 
berry with oval oblong leaves , which are equal on both 
fides, but unequally Jawed. Tinda-parua. Hort. Mai. 
1. p. 87. fob 49. 
8. Morus {Zanthoxylum) foliis ovato-oblongis acumina- 
tis obliquis, ranks aculeatis. Mulberry with oval, ob- 
long, acute-pointed leaves, which are oblique to the foot- 
flalk , and prickly branches. Zanthoxylum aculeatum, 
carpini foliis, Americanum, cortice cinereo. Pluk. 
Phyt. 239. fol. 3. Prickly Zanthoxylum of America, 
with Hornbeam leaves and an AJh- coloured bark. 
The firft fort is the common black Mulberry-tree, 
which is cultivated for the delicacy of its fruit. This 
tree grows naturally in Perfia, from whence it was 
firft brought to the fouthern parts of Europe, but is 
now become common in every part of Europe, where 
the winters are not very fevere ; for in the northern 
parts of Sweden, thefe trees will not live in the open 
air ; and in feveral parts of Germany they are planted 
againft walls, and treated in the fame way as Peach, 
and other tender fruits are here. 
Thefe trees are generally of both fexes, having male 
flowers or katkins on the fame tree with the fruit ; 
but it often happens, that fome of the trees which 
are raifed from feeds, have generally male flowers, 
and produce no fruit •, fo that thofe who plant thefe 
trees for their fruit, fhould never make choice of 
fuch as have been propagated by feeds, unlefs they 
have feen them produce fruit in the nurfery. It is 
alfo the fureft way to mark fuch trees as are fruitful 
in the nurfery, at the time when their fruit is upon 
them, becaufe thofe trees which are propagated by 
layers, are fometimes of the male fort ; for I have 
feveral times obferved, that fome of the large branches 
of thefe trees have produced only katkins, when the 
other parts of the trees have been very fruitful ; fo 
that unlefs care is taken in the choice of the branches 
for making the layers, there is the fame hazard as in 
feedling trees : nor fhould the fhoots which come 
out near the roots of old trees be ever laid down, for 
thefe rarely produce fruit until they have been plant- 
ed many years, although the trees from which thefe; 
were produced might be very fruitful. I have ob- 
ferved fome trees which produced only katkins for 
many years after they were planted, and afterward 
have become fruitful ; the fame I have obferved in 
Walnut-trees, and my honoured friend the Chevalier 
Rathgeb, has informed me, that he has obferved the 
fame in the Lentifk and Turpentine-trees. 
The old Mulberry-trees are not only more fruitful than 
the young, but their fruit are much larger and bet- 
ter flavoured *, fo that where there are any of thefe old 
trees, it is the beft way to propagate from them, and 
to make choice of thole branches which are moft 
fruitful. The ufual method of propagating thefe 
trees, is by laying down their branches, which will 
take root in one year, and are then feparated from 
the old trees j but as the moft fruitful branches are 
often fo far from the ground as not be layed, unlefs 
by raifing of boxes or b’afkets of earth upon fupports 
