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thofe brought from a" greater diftance and from a 
richer foil. 
2. This ground ought to be frefh, and not fuch as 
has been already worn out by trees, or other large 
growing plants, for in fuch foil your frocks will not 
make any progrefs. 
3. It ought not to be too wet, nor over dry, but ra- 
ther of a middling nature ; though of the two ex- 
tremes, dry is to be preferred, becaufe in fuch foils 
(though the trees do not make fo great a progrefs as 
in moift, yet) they are generally founder, and more 
difpofed to fruitfuinefs. 
4. You mult alfo obferve to inclofe it, that cattle and 
vermin may not come in, for thefe will make fad ha- 
vock with young trees, efpecially in winter, when 
the ground is covered with fnow, that they have lit- 
tle other food which they can come at. Some of the 
molt mifchievous of thefe animals are hares and rab- 
bets, which are great deftroyers of young trees at 
that feafon, by eating off all their bark ; therefore 
you muff carefully guard your Nurfery againft thefe 
enemies. 
The ground being inclofed, Ihould be carefully 
trenched about eighteen inches, or two feet deep, pro- 
vided it will allow it ; this ihould be done in Aueult 
or September, that it may be ready to receive young 
flocks at the feafon for planting, which is commonly in 
the middleorend of October. In trenching the ground, 
you muff be very careful to cleanfe it from the roots 
of all noxious weeds, fuch as Couch-grafs, Docks, &c. 
•which, if left in the ground, will get in among the 
roots of the trees, fo as not to be gotten out after- 
wards, and will fpread and over-run the ground, to 
the great prejudice of your young flocks. 
After having dug the ground, and the feafon being 
come for planting, you muft level down the trenches 
as equal as poffible, and then lay out the ground into 
quarters, proportionable to the fize thereof, and thofe 
quarters may be laid out in beds, for the fowing of 
feeds or the ftones of fruit. 
The bell fort of flocks for Peaches, Nectarines, &c. 
are fuch as are raifed from the flones of the Muf- 
cle and white Pear Plumb, but you fhould never plant 
fuckers of thefe (which is what fome people pradife) 
for thefe feldom make fo good flocks, nor are ever 
well-rooted plants ; befides, they are very fubjed to 
produce great quantities of fuckers from their roots, 
which are very troublefome in the borders, or walks 
of a garden, and greatly injure the tree ; fo that you 
fhould annually, or at leaft every other year, fow a 
few flones of each, that you may never be at a lofs 
for flocks. 
Tor Pears, you fhould have fuch flocks as have been 
raifed from the kernels of the fruit where perry hath 
been made, or elfe prefer ve the feeds of fome forts of 
fummer Pears, which generally fhoot flrong and vi- 
gorous, as the Cuiffe Madame, Windfor, &c. but when 
this is intended, the fruit fhould be buffered to hang 
upon the trees till they drop, and afterward permitted 
to rot •, then take out the kernels and put them in 
fand, being careful to keep them from vermin, as 
alfo to place them where they may not be too damp, 
which will caufe them to grow mouldy. Thefe you 
fhould fow for flocks early in the fpring, upon a bed 
of good light frefh earth, where they will* come up 
in about fix weeks, and, if kept clear from weeds, 
will be flrong enough to tranfplant the October fol- 
lowing. But for many forts of fummer and autumn 
Pears, Quince flocks are preferable to free (i. e. Pear) 
flocks •, thefe are generally ufed for all the forts of 
foft-melting Pears, but they are not fo good for the 
breaking Pears, being apt to render "thofe fruits 
which are grafted upon them flony ; thefe are very 
often propagated from fuckers, which are generally 
produced in plenty from the roots of old trees : but 
thofe are not near fo good as fuch as are propagated 
from cuttings or layers, which have always much 
better roots, and are not fo fubjed; to produce fuck- 
ers as the other, which is a very defirable quality, 
fince thefe fuckers do not only rob the trees of part of 
their nouriiimenf, but ape very troublefome in a 
garden. 
Apples are grafted or budded upon frocks raifed 
f from feeds which come from the cyder-prefs, or upon 
Crab (locks, the latter of which are efteetned for their 
durablenefs, efpecially for large ftandard trees ; thefe 
fhould be raifed from feeds, as the Pear flock, and 
muff be treated in the fame manner, for thofe pro- 
cured from fuckers, &c. are not near fo good ; but for 
fmall gardens, the Paradife flock hath been for fome 
years pad greatly efteemed, it being of very humble 
growth, caufeth the fruit-trees grafted or budded 
thereon to bear very foon, and they may be kept in 
imall compafs ; but thefe are only proper for verv 
fmall gardens, or by way of curiofity, fince the ' 
trees thus raifed are but of fhort duration, and fel- 
dom arife to any fize to produce fruit in quantities, 
unlefs the graft or bud be buried in planting, fo that 
they put forth roots, and then they will be equal to 
trees grafted upon free (locks, fince they receive but 
fmall advantage from the flock. 
For Cherries, you fhould make ufe of flocks raifed 
from the ftones of the common Black, or the wild 
Honey Cherry, both of which are flrong free growers, 
and produce the cleaned docks. 
For Plumbs, you may ufe the ftones of moft free- 
growing forts, which will alfo do very well for Apri- 
cots, thefe being not fo difficult to take as Peaches or 
Nectarines ; but (as I laid before) thefe fhould not 
be raifed from fuckers for the reafon there affigned, 
but rather from ftones. 
There are fome perfons who recommend the Almond 
flock for feveral forts of tender Peaches, upon which 
they will take much better than upon Plumb 
flocks ; but thefe being tender in their roots, and 
apt to fhoot early in the fpring, and being of fhort du- 
ration, are by many people rejected ; but fuch ten- 
der forts of Peaches which will not take upon Plumb 
flocks, fhould be budded upon Apricots, upon which 
they will take very well ; and all forts of Peaches 
which are planted upon dry foils, will continue much 
longer, and not be fo fubjed to blight, if they are up- 
on Apricots ; for it is obferved, that upon fuch foils 
where Peaches feldom do well, Apricots will thrive 
exceedingly, which may be owing to the ftrength and 
compadnefs of the vefiels in the Apricots, which ren- 
c<n it more capable of alnmilating, or drawing its 
nourifhment from the Plumb flock, which in dry foils 
feldom afford it in great plenty to the bud ; and the 
Peach-tree being of a loofe fpongy nature, is not fo 
capable to draw its nourifhment therefrom, which 
occafions that weaknefs which is commonly obferved 
in thofe trees, when planted on a dry foil; therefore 
it is the common pradice of the Nurfery-gardeners, 
to bud the Plumb frocks either with Apricots, or 
fome free growing Peach; and after thefe have 
grown a year, they bud the tender forts of Peaches 
upon thefe (hoots, by which method many forts fuc- 
ceed well, which in the common way will not thrive, 
or icarce keep alive ; and thefe the gardeners term 
double worked Peaches. 
There are fome people who of late have budded and 
grafted Cherries upon flocks of the Cornifh, and others 
on the Morello Cherry, which, they fay, will render 
the trees more fruitful, and lefs luxuriant in growth, fo 
that they may be kept in lefs compafs ; thefe flocks 
having the fame efted upon Cherries, as the Paradife 
flock hath on Apples. 
Having provided yourfelf with young flocks of all 
thefe different forts, which fhould be raifed in the fe- 
minary the preceding year, you fhould proceed to 
tran (planting them in Odober (as was before direded) 
into the Nurfery. The diftance which they fhould 
be planted, if defigned ror ftandards, fhould be three 
yeet and a half or four feet, row from row, and a 
toot and a half diflant in the rows ; but if for dwarfs, 
rhvee feet row from row, and one foot in the rows, 
will be a fufficient diftance. 
In taking theie flocks out of the feed-beds, you muft 
raife the ground with a fpade, in order to preferve 
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