OLE 
but if they are propagated by feeds, thefe fhould be 
fown m the autumn ; and the fureft way is to low 
the feeds in pots, and place them under a hot-bed 
frame in winter : in the fpring the plants will appear, 
and when they are fit to remove, a few of them may 
be planted in fmall pots, to be flickered under a 
common frame in the winter ; and the others may 
' be planted in a flickered border, where they will en- 
dure the cold of our ordinary winters very well, and 
the following fummer they will produce flowers and 
feeds in plenty; fo there will be little occafion for part- 
ing of their roots, becaufe the leedling plants will 
be much ftronger and flower better, than thole propa- 
gated by offsets. - 
OLDENLANDIA. Plum. Nov. Gen. 42 , tab. 
36. Lin. Gen. Plant. 143. 
The Characters are, 
The empalement of the flower is permanent , fitting upon 
the germen , and is cut into five parts. The flower has 
four oval petals which fpread open , and are double the 
length of the empalement , and four ftamina terminated by 
fmall fummits. It hath a roundifh germen fituated under 
the flower , fupporting a fingle jiyle , crowned by an indent- 
ed ftigma. The germen afterward turns to a globular 
capfule with two cells , filled with fmall feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firff fedtion of 
Linnaeus’s fourth clafs, which includes thofe plants 
whofe flowers have four ftamina and one ftyle. 
We have but one Species of this genus in the 
Enghfli gardens, which is, 
Oldenlandia (Cory mb of a) pedunculis multifloris, foliis 
lineari-lanceolatis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 119. Qldenlandia 
with many flowers on a foot flair, and linear fpear- 
floaped leaves. Oldenlandia humilis hyfiopifolia. Plum. 
Nov. Gen. Dwarf Oldenlandia having a Hyffop leaf. 
This plant was difeovered in America by Father Plu- 
mier, who gave this name to it in honour of Henry 
Bernard Oldenland, a German, who was difciple of 
Dr. Herman at Leyden, and was a very curious bo- 
tanift. 
The feeds of this plant were fent into England by 
Mr. Robert Millar, who gathered them in Jamaica. 
It is a low annual plant, which feldom rifes above 
three or four inches high, and divides into many 
branches which fpread near the ground. Thefe 
branches are furnifhed with long narrow leaves, which 
are placed oppofite. From the wings of the leaves 
arifes the flower-ftalk, which grows about an inch, or 
a little more in length, and divides into three or four 
fmaller foot-ftalks •, on the top of each of thefe, ftands 
one fmall white flower. 
The feeds of this plant fhould be fown early in the 
fpring on a hot-bed, and when the plants are come 
up, they fhould be tranfplanted on another hot-bed, 
or into fmall pots, and plunged into a moderate hot- 
bed of tanners bark, obferving to water and fhade 
them until they have taken root ; after which time 
they muft have a large Ihare of free air in warm wea- 
ther, and fhould be frequently refrefhed with water. 
With this management the plants will flower in June, 
and their feeds will ripen in July, fo that the feeds 
muft be gathered from -time to time as they ripen ; 
for as the branches grow larger, fo there will be frefh 
flowers produced until autumn, when the plants 
will perifh ; but if the feeds are permitted to fcatter 
in the pots, the plants will foon after appear, which 
will live through the winter, provided they are placed 
in the ftove, and will flower early the following 
fpring. 
OLE A. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 598. tab. 370. Lin. 
Gen. Plant. 20. [of’Exa/«,] the Olive; in French, 
Olivier. 
The Characters are, 
It has a fmall tubulous empalement of one leaf \ cut into 
four fegments at the top. The flower confifts of one petal 
which is tubulous , cut at the brim into four fegments 
which fpread open. It has two Jhort ftamina terminated 
by erect fummits , and a roundiflo germen fupporting a Jhort 
ftyle, crowned by a thick bifid ftigma. The germen after- 
O L E 
ward turns to an oval fnooth fruit (or berry') with one 
cell , inclofing an oblong oval nut. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fedion of 
Linnseus’s fecond clafs, which contains thofe plants 
whofe flowers have two ftamina and one ftyle. 
The Species are, 
1. Olea ( Gallica ) foliis lineari-lanceolatis fubtus incanis. 
Olive with linear fp ear -fib aped leaves , which are hoary on 
their under fide. Olea f ruff 11 oblongo minor!. Tourn. 
Inft. R. H. 599. Olive with a fmaller oblong fruit , 
commonly called Provence Olive. 
2. Olea ( Hifpanica ) foliis lanceolatis, fru&u ovato. 
Olive with fpear-Jhaped leaves , and an egg-fhaped fruit . 
Olea frudu maximo. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 599. Olive 
with the largeft fruit , called the Spanifh Olive. 
3. Olea (, Sylveftris ) foliis lanceolatis obtufis rigidis, 
fubtus incanis. Olive with fpear-Jhaped , obtufe , rigid 
leaves , which are hoary on their under fide. Olea fyl- 
veftris, folio duro, fubtus incano. C. B. P. 472. 
The wild Olive with a hard leaf, and hoary on its. un- 
der fide. 
4. Olea ( Africana ) foliis lanceolatis lucidis, ramis tere- 
tibus. Olive with fpear-Jhaped Jhining leaves , and taper 
branches. Olea Afra, folio longo, lato, ftipra atro- 
viridi fplendente, infra pallide viridi. Boer. Ind. alt. 
2. 218. African Olive , with along , broad , Jhining leaf, 
of a greenifh black above , and pale on its under fide. 
5. Olea ( Bumf alia) foliis ovatis rigidis fefftlibus. Olive 
with oval Jtiff leaves, fitting clofe to the branches. Olea 
Afra, folio buxi craffo atroviridi, lucido, cortice albo 
fcabro. Boerh. Ind. alt. 2. 218. African Olive, with a 
thick , dark , Jhining Box leaf and a rough white bark , 
commonly called Box-leaved Olive. 
The firft fort is what the inhabitants of the fouth of 
France chiefly cultivate, becaufe from this fpecies the 
beft oil is made, which is a great branch of trade in 
Provence and Languedoc; and it is the fruit of this 
fort which is moft efttemed when pickled : of this 
there are fo.me varieties ; the firft is called Olive Pi- 
choline ; there is another with dark green fruit, one 
with white fruit, and another with fmaller and rounder 
fruit ; but as thefe are fuppofed to be only accidental 
varieties which have rifen from the fame feeds, I 
have not enumerated them. 
The Olive feldom rifes to be a large tree, and is 
rarely feen with a fingle ftern, but frequently two or 
three items rife from the fame root ; thefe grow from 
twenty to thirty feet high, putting out branches 
from the Tides almoft their whole length, which are 
covered with a gray bark, and garnifhed with ftiff 
leaves about two inches and a half long, and half an 
inch broad in the middle, gradually diminifhing to 
both ends ; they are of a lively green on their upper 
fide, and hoary on their under, ftanding oppofite. 
The flowers are produced in fmall bunches from the 
wings of the leaves ; they are fmall, white, and have 
fhort tubes, fpreading open at the top ; thefe are 
fucceeded by oval fruit, which, in warm countries, 
ripen in the autumn. 
The fecond fort is chiefly cultivated in Spain, where 
the trees grow to a much larger fize than the former 
fort ; the leaves are much larger, and not fo white on 
their under fide ; and the fruit is near twice the fize 
of thofe of the Provence Olive, but are of a ftrong 
rank flavour, and the oil made from thefe, is too 
ftrong for moft Englilh palates. 
The third fort is the wild Olive, which grows natu- 
rally in woods, in the fouth of France, Spain, and 
Italy, fo is never cultivated ; the leaves of this fort 
are much fhorter and ftiffer than thofe of the other ; 
the branches are frequently armed with thorns, and 
the fruit is fmall and of no value. 
The fourth and fifth forts grow naturally at the Cape 
of Good Hope ; the fourth rifes to the height of the 
firft, to which it bears fome refemblance, but the 
bark is rougher ; the leaves are not fo long, and are 
of a lucid green on their upper fide ; but as this does 
not produce fruit in Europe, I can give no account 
of it. 
Tips 
