ORC 
place the largeft growing trees backward, and fo 
proceed to thofe of lefs growth, continuing the fame 
method quite through the whole plantation ; whereby 
it will appear at a [diftance in a regular Hope, and the 
fun and air will more equally pals throughout the 
whole Orchard, that every tree may have an equal 
benefit therefrom ; but this can only be pradifed up- 
on good ground, in which molt forts of fruit-trees 
will thrive. 
The foil of your Orchard fhould alfo be mended once 
in two or three years with dung, or other manure, 
which will alfo be abfolutely neceffary for the crops 
fown between ; fo that where perfons are not inclinable 
to help their Orchards, where the expence of manure 
is pretty great, yet, as there is a crop expeded from 
the ground befides the fruit, they will the more rea- 
dily be at the charge upon that account. 
In making choice of trees for an Orchard, you fhould 
always obferve to procure them from a foil nearly 
a-kin to that where they are to be planted, or rather 
poorer •, for if you have them from a very rich foil, 
and that wherein you plant them is but indifferent, 
they will not thrive well, efpecially for four or five 
years after planting ; fo that it is a very wrong pradice 
to make the nurfery where young trees are raifed 
very rich, when the trees are defigned for a middling 
or poor foil. The trees fhould be alfo young and 
thriving, for whatever fome perfons may advife to 
the contrary, yet it has always been obferved, that 
though large trees may grow and produce fruit after 
being removed, they never make fo good trees, nor 
are fo long lived, as thofe which are planted while 
young. 
Thefe' trees, after they are planted out, will require 
no other pruning, but only to cut out dead branches, 
or fuch as crofs each other, which render their heads 
confufed and unfightly : the pruning them too often, 
or fhortening their branches, is very injurious ; efpe- 
cially to Cherries and ftone-fruit, which will gum 
prodigioufiy, and decay in fuch places where they are 
cut ; and the Apples and Pears which are not of lo 
nice a nature, will produce a greater quantity of la- 
teral branches, which will fill the heads of the trees 
with weak fhoots, whenever their branches are thus 
fhortened *, and many times the fruit is hereby cut off, 
which, on many forts of fruit-trees, is firft produced 
at the extremity of their fhoots. 
It may, perhaps, feem firange to fome perfons, that 
I fhould recommend the allowing fo much diftance to 
the trees in an Orchard, becaufe a fmall piece of 
ground will admit of very few trees when planted in 
this method ■, but if they will pleafe to obferve, that 
when the trees are grown up, they will produce a 
great deal more fruit, than twice the number when 
planted clofe, and will be vaftly better tailed *, the 
trees when placed at a la-rge diftance, being never fo 
much in danger of blighting as in clofe plantations, 
as hath been obferved in Herefordfhire, the great 
county for Orchards, where they find, that when Or- 
chards are fo planted or fituated, that the air is pent 
up among!! the trees, the vapours which arife from 
the damp of the ground, and the perfpiratiori of the 
trees, colled: the heat of the fun, and refled it in 
ftreams fo as to caufe what they call a fire-blaft, which 
is the moil hurtful to their fruits ; and this is moft 
frequent where the Orchards are open to the fouth fun. 
But as Orchards fhould never be planted, unlefs 
where large quantities of fruit are defired, fo it will 
be the fame thing to allow twice or three times the 
quantity of ground ; fince there may be a crop of 
grain of any fort upon the fame place (as was before 
laid,) fo that there is no lofs of ground ; and for a fa- 
mily only it is hardly worth while to plant an Orchard, 
fince a kitchen-garden well planted with efpaliers, 
will afford more fruit than can be eaten while good, 
specially if the kitchen-garden be proportioned to 
the largenefs of the family ; and if cyder be required, 
there may be a large avenue of Apple-trees extended 
crofs a neighbouring field, which will render it plea- 
fantj and produce a great quantity of fruit ; or there 
ORC 
may be fome angle rows of trees planted to furround 
fields, &c. wlsich will fully anfwer the fame purpofe, 
and be lefs liable to thefire-blafts before-mentioned/ 
ORCHIS. Tourn. Inft.R. H. 431. tab. 248, 249. 
Lin. Gen. Plant. 000. [of opyys, a tefticle, becaufe 
the root of this plant refembles the tefticles of a man; 
or of ypeyu, to have an appetite after, on account of 
its being a provocative to venery : it is alfo called 
Mvioffopxif, of xv wf, a dog, and op%i ?) a tefticle.] Sa- 
tyrion, or Fool-ftones. 
The Characters are. 
It hath a Jingle Jlalk with a vague fheath ; it has no 
empalement . I he flower hath five petals , three Without 
and two within , which rifle and. join in aflandard. The 
neblarium is of one leaf. \ fixed to the fide of the recepta- 
cle, between the diviflion of the petals. The upper lip 
is floor t and er eat, the under large , broad*, and flpfleading ; 
the tube is pendulous , horn-Jhaped, and prominent behind. 
It hath two Jhort fender ftamina fitting upon the point- 
al, with oval ere It flummits fixed lo the upper lip of the 
neblarium. It hath an oblong contorted ger men under the 
flower , with a floor t ftyle faftened to the upper lip of the 
neblarium, crowned by an obtufe comprejfled ftigma. The 
germen afterward turns to an oblong capflule with one 
cell, having three keel-flhaped valves, opening on the three, 
fides, but joined at top and bottom, filled with final l J'eeds 
like duft. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fedion of 
Linnaeus’s twentieth clafs, which contains thofe 
plants whofe flowers have two ftamina, which are 
conneded with, or fixed to the ftyle. 
I he Species are, 
1. Orchis (Morio) bulbis indivifis, nedarii labio qua- 
drifido crenulato, cornu obtufo. Ad. Upfal. 1740. 
Orchis with undivided bulbs, the lip of the neblarium cut 
into four points which are fightly indented , and an obtufe 
horn. Orchis morio feemina. C. B. P. 82. Common 
female Orchis. 
2. Orchis (. Mafcula ) bulbis indivifis, nedarii labio 
quadrilobo crenulato, cornu obtufo, petalis dorfali- 
bus reflexis. Flor. Suec. 795. Orchis with undivided 
bulbs, the lip of the ne Bar him having four lobes and an ob- 
tufe horn, and the backs of the petals reflexed. Orchis 
motio mas, foliis maculatis. C. B. P. 81. The male 
Orchis with fpotted leaves. 
3. Orchis ( Bifolia ) bulbis indivifis, nedarii labio lan- 
ceolate integerrimo, cornu longiffimo, petalis paten- 
tibus. Ad. Upfal. 1740. Orchis with undivided bulbs, 
the lip of the neblarium entire and fpear-Jhaped, a very 
long horn , and petals flpreading very wide. Orchis alba 
bifolia minor, calcari oblongo. C. B. P. 83. Smaller , 
white two-leaved Orchis, with an oblong flpur , or Butter- 
fly Orchis. 
4. Orchis ( Militaris ) bulbis indivifis, nedarii labio 
quinquefido pundis fcabro, cornu obtufo, petalis 
confluentibus. Ad. Upfal. 1740. Orchis with undi- 
vided bulbs , a five-pointed lip to the nekarium, having 
rough J pots , an obtufe horn , and petals running together. 
Orchis latifolia, hiante cucuilo major. Tourn. InfL 
R. H. 432. The Man Orchis. 
5. Orchis ( Pyramidalis ) bulbis indivifis, nedarii labio 
trifido sequali integerrimo, cornu longo, petalis fub- 
lanceolatis. Ad. Upfal. 1 740. Orchis with undivided 
bulbs , an equal trifid lip to the neblarium, with a long 
horn , and fpear-Jhaped petals. Orchis militaris, mon- 
tana, fpica rubente, conglomerate. Tourn. Inft. R. 
H. 432. Mountain military Orchis, with a reddiflo con- 
glomerated flpike. 
6 . Orchis ( Latifolia ) bulbis fubpalrmtis redis, nedarii 
cornu conico, labio trilobo, lateralibus reflexo, brae- 
teis flore longioribus. Ad. Upfal. 1740. Orchis with 
fir ait, palmated, bulbous roots, a conical horn to the 
nebiariurn, the lip cut into three lobes, which are reflexed 
on the fides , and brabiea longer than the flowers. Or- 
chis palrnata pratenfis, latifolia, longis calcaribus. 
C. B. P. 85. Broad-leaved, Meadow , handed Orchis , 
having a long flpur. 
7. Orchis ( Maculata ) bulbis palmatis patentibus, neda- 
rii cornu germinibus breviore, labio piano petalis 
dorfalibus patulis. Ad. Upfal. 1740. Orchis with 
handed. 
